Q1: A barchan is an example of:
1. A Rock
2. A Dune
3. An erg
4. Sand sea
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Barchan is a crescent-shaped shifting sand dune, as found in the inland deserts. Barchans face the wind, appearing convex, and are produced by wind action predominantly from one direction.
Q2: What is the name of the mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan come together?
1. Altai Mountains
2. Sayan Mountains
3. Ural Mountains
4. Baikal Mountains
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Altai Mountains, also called the onion range, are located in central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan come together.
Q3: Arete, Cirque, Groove, Moraines, Floodplains, etc are the landforms associated with which of the following?
1. Glacial Activity
2. Fluvial Activity
3. Volcanic Activity
4. Erosion Activity
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Arete, Cirque, Groove, Moraines, Floodplains, and other similar landforms are associated with erosion activity. It involves the weathering and disintegration of rocks and minerals.
Q4: At which among the following will Quick Sand be found?
1. A. Riverbanks, near lakes, or in marshes
2. Deltas
3. Deserts
4. Coastal Areas of Seas
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Quicksand is a colloid that consists of fine granular material like sand, silt, or clay and water. It is typically found in saturated loose sand, such as riverbanks, near lakes, or in marshes.
Q5: Larsemann Hills region is located in?
1. Europe
2. Moon
3. Antarctica
4. Australia
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: The Larsemann Hills are a series of low rounded coastal hills along the southeastern shore of Prydz Bay, Antarctica, extending for 9 nautical miles (17 km).
Q6: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, etc. are known as Balkan Countries. The term Balkan derived from which of the following landforms?
1. A Lake
2. A Sea
3. A River
4. A Mountain
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, etc. are known as Balkan Countries. The term Balkan is derived from the landform mountain and was borrowed from Turkish.
Q7: In which country are the Black Hill, Blue Hill & Green Hill Mountains located?
1. USA
2. Canada
3. France
4. Italy
Answer: 1
Show Answer
Explanation: The Black Hill, Blue Hill & Green Hill Mountains are located in the USA. They form a chain of mountains, with Black Hill in South Dakota, Blue Hills in Massachusetts, and Green Hills in Nashville.
Q8: Błędów Desert is located in which continent?
1. Africa
2. Europe
3. Australia
4. North America
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Błędów Desert is a desert area of sands between Błędów and the villages of Chechło and Klucze in Poland. It is located in Europe, mainly on the Silesian Highlands in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
Q9: Which among the following types of mountains are formed by the lifting up of land between faults or by the sinking of land outside the faults?
1. Block Mountains
2. New Mountains
3. Residual Mountains
4. Fold Mountains
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Block Mountains are formed by the lifting up of land between faults or by the sinking of land outside the faults.
Q10: Death Valley is located in which desert?
1. Mojave Desert
2. Colorado Desert
3. Amargosa Desert
4. Taklamakan Desert
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Death Valley is a desert valley in Eastern California, USA. It is in the northern Mojave Desert, bordering the Great Basin Desert.
Q11: Broad lower course of a river that is encroached on by the sea and affected by the tides is also known as?
1. Bay
2. Estuary
3. Delta
4. Pocket Beach
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A broad lower course of a river that is encroached on by the sea and affected by the tides is known as an Estuary. An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.
Q12: Which of the following types of dunes are most rare?
1. Crescentic
2. Linear
3. Star
4. Dome
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Dome is the type of dune that is most rare. They are circular and do not have a slip face. The wind can blow material onto the dune from any side. Parabolic dunes are similar to crescentic dunes.
Q13: Aeolian landforms refer to the landforms formed by which of the following?
1. Wind
2. Water
3. Magma
4. Floods
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Aeolian landforms refer to the landforms formed due to the action of wind. Aeolian landforms are formed due to erosional and depositional processes.
Q14: What is the study of landforms called?
1. Sedimentology
2. Geology
3. Geomorphology
4. Seismology
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: The study of landforms is called Geomorphology. Landforms are a result of the interaction of the physical processes and crustal movements of the earth’s surface.
Q15: Which among the following is not a landform of the second order?
1. River valley
2. Continental shelf
3. Plateaus
4. Mountains
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Large landforms on continents and oceans like mountains, plateaus, continental slope, submarine ridges, etc., are called landforms of the second order. River valley is a landform of the third order.
Q16: Which among the following landforms are formed due to the action of water?
1. Aeolian
2. Glacial
3. Fluvial
4. Karst
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Fluvial landforms are formed due to the action of water and flowing streams. These processes dominate the surface of the continents.
Q17: Which among the following processes is called the normal process of landscape evolution?
1. Aeolian
2. Fluvial
3. Glacial
4. Karst
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Since fluvial processes dominate the continents and a large number of landforms are a result of fluvial action, it is called the normal process of landscape evolution.
Q18: Which among the following processes are involved in wind erosion?
1. Attrition
2. Abrasion
3. Deflation
4. All of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Aeolian landforms are associated with the action of wind. Aeolian landforms are formed due to the process of erosion and deposition. Wind erosion involves the processes of Attrition, Abrasion, and Deflation.
Q19: On the basis of which of the following are landforms classified?
1. Orientation
2. Elevation
3. Slope
4. All of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: The study of landforms is called Geomorphology. Landforms are classified on the basis of orientation, elevation, slope, and other factors.
Q20: Which among the following types of landforms are also called topographical features?
1. Landforms of first order
2. Landforms of the second order
3. Landforms of the third order
4. Aeolian landforms
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Landforms of the third order include small landforms like river valleys, sand dunes, floodplains, etc. They are also called topographical features.
Q21: Splash erosion is related to which among the following?
1. Flood
2. Cyclone
3. Raindrops
4. Wind
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Splash erosion occurs due to the impact of raindrops on the soil, which leads to the loosening of the soil.
Q22: Which among the following is not an erosional landform of the river?
1. Delta
2. Gorges
3. Canyons
4. Potholes
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Delta is a depositional landform of the river. Erosional landforms of the river include gorges, canyons, v-shaped valleys, potholes, waterfalls, etc.
Q23: What type of a landform is a plunge hole?
1. Erosional landform of river
2. Erosional landform of wind
3. Erosional landform of glaciers
4. Depositional landform of wind
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Plunge pools or plunge holes are erosional landforms made by the river. Plunge pools form at the bottom of waterfalls.
Q24: What type of a landform are sand-dunes?
1. Erosional landform by river
2. Depositional landform by wind
3. Erosional landform by wind
4. Depositional landform by river
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Sand-dunes are depositional landforms of the wind. They commonly occur in desert areas.
Q25: Which among the following is not a depositional feature?
1. Horn
2. Delta
3. Barkhans
4. Moraines
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Horn is an erosional feature of the glacier. It appears as pyramidal peaks with steep slopes.
Q26: What kind of a landform is a stone-lattice?
1. Erosional landform by glacier
2. Erosional landform by wind
3. Erosional landform by river
4. Depositional landform by glacier
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Stone-lattice is an erosional feature of the desert where differential erosion creates hollows that are small in size and randomly distributed.
Q27: What is the reduction in the size of the wind-blown particles due to their mutual friction called?
1. Abrasion
2. Attrition
3. Deflation
4. Deposition
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Attrition is the reduction in the size of the wind-blown particles due to their mutual friction. This results in the reduction in the size of the rock fragments.
Q28: The Sphinx of Egypt is an example of which process of the wind?
1. Attrition
2. Deflation
3. Abrasion
4. Deposition
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Abrasion or corrosion includes the process of cutting off the rock surface by weathered rock particles that are carried by the wind. The Sphinx of Egypt is a result of this process of the wind.
Q29: Who among the following put forward the theory of cirque formation?
1. W.D. Johnson
2. F. Hoyle
3. Alexander Humboldt
4. Jeans Jeffreys
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: The Bergschrund theory was put forward by W.D. Johnson in 1904. It is related to the formation of cirque.
Q30: Which among the following is not a glacial landform?
1. Horn
2. Zeugen
3. Moraine
4. Aretes
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Zeugens are tabular rocks cut by wind abrasion. They are typically found in arid areas.
Q31: On which among the following does the erosional capacity of the river stream depend on?
1. Volume
2. Density
3. Both 1 & 2
4. Neither 1 & 2
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: The erosional capacity of the stream mainly depends on its volume and density. It is these factors which decide the erosion, transportation, and deposition activity by the stream.
Q32: What type of landform is Gaur?
1. Fluvial
2. Glacial
3. Aeolian
4. Karst
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Gaur, also known as mushroom or Gara, are mushroom-shaped rock masses formed by the action of abrasion by the wind. These landforms are therefore Aeolian.
Q33: What kind of a landform are Bajadas?
1. Landform by Aeolian deposition
2. Landform by glacial deposition
3. Landform by fluvial deposition
4. Landform by Aeolian erosion
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Bajadas are landforms of Aeolian deposition. They are sometimes called Bahadas. They are sloping surfaces situated between the pediment and the playa.
Q34: Undercutting is a marked feature of which among the following?
1. Abrasion
2. Attrition
3. Deflation
4. Deposition
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Abrasion is the cutting of rock surface by weathered rock particles being carried by the wind. Undercutting is a marked feature of abrasion.
Q35: On which among the following does the erosional capacity of the wind depend on?
1. Velocity
2. Amount of dust particles
3. Both 1 & 2
4. Neither 1 & 2
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: The erosional capacity of the wind depends on its velocity and the amount of dust and sand particles present in it.
Q36: What is the surface covered with large rocky fragments in the Sahara called?
1. Lahars
2. Loo
3. Hamada
4. Chinook
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Desert pavements are deflated surfaces in desert areas. The surface covered with large rock fragments in the Sahara is called Hamada.
Q37: What are upstanding tabular rocks undercut around their edges by wind abrasion called?
1. Zeugen
2. Pediplain
3. Deflation hollows
4. Gaur
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Zeugen is an erosional landform of wind. They are upstanding tabular rocks undercut around their edges by wind abrasion.
Q38: Which among the following features is formed due to rocks arranged in vertical strata?
1. Zeugen
2. Yardangs
3. Gaur
4. Deflation hollows
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Zeugens are formed with rocks arranged in horizontal strata. Whereas yardangs are found in rocks arranged in vertical strata of alternate hard and soft rocks.
Q39: The erosional action of which among the following leads to the formation of needle-like features?
1. Wind
2. Water
3. Glacier
4. Limestone
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Needle-like landforms are a result of the erosion caused by wind. Needle-like features appear due to the action of wind abrasion.
Q40: What are residual hills in the pediplain called?
1. Zeugen
2. Mushroom rocks
3. Yardangs
4. Inselberg
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: The low relief surface with occasional residual hills is called a pediplain. And the residual hills in the pediplain are called inselbergs.
Q41: What is the gentle slope resembling a pediment but formed by the deposition of wind called?
1. Bajada
2. Chinook
3. Loo
4. Lahars
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Bajadas or bahadas are landforms of Aeolian action. They are gentle slopes resembling the pediment but are formed by the depositional action of the wind.
Q42: Which among the following are also called Earth-pillars?
1. Yardangs
2. Demoiselles
3. Zeugen
4. Gaur
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Demoiselles are landforms of wind erosion. They are also called Earth pillars and are formed where hard surface rocks protect a softer underlying rock.
Q43: Which among the following forms features called castellated chimneys?
1. Demoiselles
2. Yardangs
3. Zeugen
4. Deflation hollows
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Demoiselles are also called Earth pillars. Earth pillars are formed in areas where hard rock surfaces protect a softer underlying rock. Earth pillars are also called as chimneys, and when they occur in groups, they are called castellated chimneys.
Q44: What are rhombus-shaped features in the desert called?
1. Yardangs
2. Driekanter
3. Zeugen
4. Deflation hollows
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Driekanter are large rocks in the desert which, after getting eroded, look like Rib-like marks. Their shape is like a rhombus and are also called ventifacts.
Q45: Excessive erosion of diekanter leads to the formation of which among the following?
1. Deflation hollows
2. Yardangs
3. Windows and Bridges
4. Zeugens
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: When wind cuts deeply into the diekanter rock, it forms a window. And on further erosion, it forms a bridge looking like a door having an arch-like shape.
Q46: Which is the dominant process in the formation of desert pavements?
1. Abrasion
2. Deflation
3. Attrition
4. Deposition
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Smooth like varnished surfaces by the process of wind abrasion are called Desert varnishes. They are also called desert pavements.
Q47: Sand-dunes are a result of which among the following processes?
1. Depositional action of wind
2. Erosional action of the wind
3. Erosional action of the glacier
4. Depositional action of the river
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Sand-dunes occur in the desert. They are a result of the depositional action of the wind forming a small hillock.
Q48: Which among the following is not correct about transverse dunes?
1. They are formed in the direction parallel to the wind
2. Found in areas where the wind blows steadily
3. They are formed by slow winds
4. Their shape is like the crescent
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Transverse dunes are the depositional features of the wind. Transverse winds extend at right angles to the direction of the prevailing wind.
Q49: Which among the following dunes are also called Seif dunes in the Sahara?
1. Transverse dunes
2. Longitudinal dunes
3. Parabolic dunes
4. Barkhans
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Longitudinal dunes are formed in the direction parallel to the wind. Extending to several kilometres, they are also called Seif dunes in the Sahara.
Q50: Which among the following is not correct about longitudinal dunes?
1. They extend at the right angle to the direction of the wind
2. They are called as seif dunes in Sahara
3. They develop in areas where wind velocity is slightly higher
4. They are a result of the depositional action of the wind
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Longitudinal dunes are formed in the direction parallel to the wind. Extending for several kilometres, they are also called seif dunes in the Sahara.
Q51: What are Barkhans with greater height called?
1. Seifs
2. Lahars
3. Gaur
4. Oghards
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Barkhans are found in areas where a large amount of sand is available. The Barkhans with greater height are called Oghards.
Q52: Which among the following is not correct about Barkhans?
1. They are depositional features of the wind
2. Formed in areas where a small amount of sand is available
3. Barkhans with greater height are called Oghards
4. They have a concave slope
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Barkhans are found in areas where a large amount of sand is available. The Barkhans with greater height are called Oghards.
Q53: What are the gently sloping deposits on the windward side of the obstructions such as hills called?
1. Sand shadows
2. Inselbergs
3. Seifs
4. Oghards
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: The gently sloping deposits on the windward side of the obstructions such as hills are called sand shadows. They get deposited on the windward side.
Q54: Which among the following is considered as the desert counterpart of the Delta?
1. Seifs
2. Barkhans
3. Loess
4. Desert varnish
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Loess is considered as the desert counterpart of the Delta. They are the finest of the sand particles which get deposited on the windward side of the wind.
Q55: What is the featureless plain formed through erosional and depositional processes in a semi-arid area called?
1. Inselberg
2. Moraines
3. Pediplain
4. Delta
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: A pediplain is a featureless plain formed by the erosional and the depositional action of the wind in the arid and semi-arid areas.
Q56: Which among the following are usually located at the foot of some mountain or an upland in an arid area?
1. Pediments
2. Loess
3. Levees
4. Moraines
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Pediments are gently sloping plains in the arid and semi-arid areas usually located at the foot of some mountain or an upland.
Q57: Which among the following act as seasonal lakes in the desert areas?
1. Loess
2. Bajadas
3. Playas
4. Moraines
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Playas are low lying areas in the desert which receive the drainage of the surrounding areas. They act as seasonal lakes and become dry after the rainy season.
Q58: Which among the following is not a depositional feature of the Wind?
1. Seif
2. Loess
3. Barkhans
4. Inselberg
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Inselbergs are residual hills in the pediplain. It is also called a bornhart. Inselbergs generally have a dome-like structure.
Q59: Which among the following is not an erosional feature of the wind?
1. Demoiselles
2. Barkhans
3. Driekanter
4. Yardangs
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Barkhans is a depositional feature of the wind, generally formed where a large amount of sand is available.
Q60: Which of the following sand-dune is U-shaped?
1. Longitudinal dune
2. Parabolic dune
3. Barkhans
4. Transverse dunes
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Parabolic Dunes are U-shaped and are much longer and narrower than barchans. Such dunes are very rare.
Q61: Who coined the term ‘cryoplantation’?
1. S.G. Boch
2. Carl Troll
3. Kirk Bryan
4. I.I. Krosnov
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Cryoplantation is the formation of plains, terraces, etc., in the periglacial environment. Kirk Bryan coined the term Cryoplantation.
Q62: What kind of landforms are stone-lattices?
1. Erosional landform of the wind
2. Depositional landform of the wind
3. Depositional landform of the river
4. Erosional landform of the glacier
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Due to the presence of small patches of vegetation, small patches of erosion take place creating small hollows. This lattice-looking feature by the erosional work of the wind is called stone lattice.
Q63: What are the ice-cored hills 3-70m in height found in permafrost regions called?
1. Horns
2. Pingo
3. Crater
4. Demoiselles
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Pingos are periglacial landforms found in permafrost environments. They are typically 3-70m in height.
Q64: Which region has the greatest concentration of Pingos in the world?
1. Nuussuaq Peninsula
2. Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula
3. Tibetan Plateau
4. Disko Bay
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula has the highest concentration of Pingos in the world. It has a total of 1350 Pingos.
Q65: What is a small mound less than 15 m in height above ground called?
1. Hummock
2. Pingo
3. Cryoplantation
4. Inselberg
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Hummock is a cryogenic landform formed like a small mound above ground. It is less than 15 m in height and appears in groups.
Q66: Which among the following is a landform of angular rock debris frozen in interstitial ice overlaid by a layer of talus?
1. Hummock
2. Pingo
3. Cryoplantation
4. Rock glacier
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Rock glacier is a landform of angular rock debris frozen in interstitial ice overlaid by a layer of talus.
Q67: Which among the following is a frost-induced raised land form in permafrost areas with mineral-rich soils where a perennial ice lens has developed within the soil?
1. Hummock
2. Cryoplantation
3. Lithalsa
4. Rock glacier
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Lithalsa is a cryogenic landform. It is a frost-induced landform with mineral-rich soils where a perennial ice lens is developed in the soil.
Q68: Which among the following landforms are a type of slope failures forming tongue-shaped features?
1. Solifluction lobes
2. Pingo
3. Hummock
4. Lithalsa
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Solifluction lobes are permafrost formations. They are a type of slope failures which form a tongue-shaped feature due to different downhill flow.
Q69: Which among the following is not a type of slow periglacial solifluction?
1. Gelifluction
2. Stone-lattice
3. Frost creep
4. Plug-like flow
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Stone lattices are erosional features of the winds. Types of slow periglacial solifluction include: Ice creep, Frost creep, Gelifluction, Plug-like flow.
Q70: Which among the following geomorphic processes is associated with snow patches?
1. Abrasion
2. Attrition
3. Nivation
4. Deflation
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Nivation is the term associated with periglacial landforms. It is the geomorphic process associated with the formation of snow patches.
Q71: Which among the following landforms when enlarged can lead to the formation of cirque?
1. Pingo
2. Nivation hollows
3. Hummocks
4. Lithalsa
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Nivation hollows are landforms associated with snow patches. These hollows when enlarged lead to the formation of cirque.
Q72: Which among the following landforms resemble those formed by solution in some karst areas of limestone?
1. Pingo
2. Nivation Hollows
3. Thermokarst
4. Hummocks
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Thermokarst are formed of small hummocks and marshy hollows which resemble the landforms formed by solution in the karst areas of limestone.
Q73: Which among the following is an example of a Thermokarst landform?
1. Tuktoyaktuk peninsula
2. Batagaika crater
3. Nuussuaq Peninsula
4. None of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Thermokarst landform is characterised by marshy hollows and small mounds which resemble the landforms formed by the solution in karst areas of limestone. An example of a Thermokarst landform is the Batagaika crater in Siberia.
Q74: Which among the following names is not associated with a Thermokarst lake?
1. Crater lake
2. Thaw lake
3. Tundra lake
4. Thaw depression
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Thermokarst lake is also called Thaw lake, tundra lake, thaw depression, or tundra pond.
Q75: Which among the following is not an erosion landform?
1. Arete
2. Delta
3. Mesa
4. Pediment
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Deltas are depositional landforms of rivers. Erosion landforms include: Arete, pediments, mesa, butte, canyon, cave, cirque, etc.
Q76: Which among the following is a narrow ridge of rock separating two valleys?
1. Arete
2. Seifs
3. Canyon
4. Horn
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Arete is a French word for ridge or edge. It is an erosional landform. Arete is a narrow ridge of rock separating two valleys.
Q77: What are the processes involved in the formation of Badlands?
1. Erosion
2. Deposition
3. Both 1 & 2
4. Neither 1 & 2
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Badlands are formed due to the process of erosion and are characterised by minimal vegetation, steep slopes, and high drainage density.
Q78: Which of the following landforms is locally known as Dwalas?
1. Inselberg
2. Arete
3. Badlands
4. Bornhardts
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Bornhardt is a steep-sided dome-shaped rock and is commonly known as Dwalas in the local language.
Q79: Bornhardts are commonly composed of which rocks?
1. Igneous
2. Metamorphic
3. Sedimentary
4. None of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Bornhardts are steep-sided dome-shaped landforms commonly found in semi-arid and arid landscapes. They are mainly composed of igneous rocks, such as granites.
Q80: Which among the following landforms is also known as sugar loaves?
1. Arete
2. Badlands
3. Butte
4. Bornhardt
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Bornhardt is a dome-shaped steep-sided landform commonly found in semi-arid and arid regions. They are also known as Sugar loaves.
Q81: Which among the following are isolated hills with vertical sides and a flat top?
1. Inselberg
2. Arete
3. Butte
4. Bornhardt
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Butte is an isolated hill with vertical sides and a relatively flat top. The French word ‘butte’ means a small hill.
Q82: Which among the following is an example of Butte?
1. Sugarloaf mountain
2. Devil’s Tower
3. Kamiesberg
4. Everard ranges
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Butte is an isolated hill with vertical sides and a flat top. The Devil’s Tower in northeastern Wyoming is an example of a Butte.
Q83: Which among the following is not an example of a landform Butte?
1. Devil’s Tower
2. Sugarloaf mountain
3. Pawnee Buttes
4. Tamanrasset Province
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Sugarloaf Mountain is an example of a Bornhardt. Notable Buttes include: Tamanrasset Province, Algeria; Pawnee Buttes; Devil’s Tower; Courthouse Butte.
Q84: The landform Canyon is a result of which of the following processes?
1. Erosion
2. Deposition
3. Weathering
4. Both 1 & 3
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Canyon, also called a gorge, is a result of the weathering and erosion activity of the river over a long time span.
Q85: What is the science of the study of the aspects of caves and their formation called?
1. Sedimentology
2. Cosmology
3. Speleology
4. Geomorphology
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Speleology is the study of caves and their formation.
Q86: What is the process of formation and development of caves called?
1. Thermogenesis
2. Biogenesis
3. Speleogenesis
4. Tumorigenesis
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Cave is a natural void in the ground formed by the process of weathering of the rock. The process of the formation and development of caves is called Speleogenesis.
Q87: In which type of rocks are caves commonly found?
1. Granite
2. Gneiss
3. Limestone
4. Marble
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Caves are natural voids in the ground formed due to weathering of the rock. They are mostly found in limestone rocks by dissolution.
Q88: Which among the following is the longest cave system in the world?
1. Jewel cave
2. Mammoth cave
3. Son Doong cave
4. Clearwater cave system
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Caves are mostly found in areas of limestone rocks by the process of dissolution. The Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, US, is the longest cave system (652 km) in the world.
Q89: Cirques are formed due to which of the following processes?
1. Wind erosion
2. Limestone erosion
3. Glacial erosion
4. None of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Cirque or corrie is an amphitheatre-like valley formed due to the erosion by glaciers. They are found among the mountain ranges of the world.
Q90: Which among the following landforms is also called ‘Corrie’?
1. Arete
2. Bornhardt
3. Canyon
4. Cirque
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Cirque or corrie is an amphitheatre-like valley formed due to the erosion by glaciers.
Q91: Which among the following processes are involved in the formation of the cliff?
1. Erosion
2. Deposition
3. Weathering
4. Both 1 & 3
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Cliff, an erosion landform, is a vertical rock exposure formed due to the process of weathering and erosion.
Q92: Which among the following is a hill with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other?
1. Cuesta
2. Bornhardt
3. Badland
4. Cirque
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Cuesta is a hill with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other. Cuesta is a Spanish word meaning ‘a flank or a slope of a hill.’
Q93: Which among the following is not an example of a dissected plateau?
1. Alps Mountains
2. Catskill Mountains
3. Deccan Plateau
4. Allegheny Plateau
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: The Alps mountains are an example of fold mountains. Dissected plateaus are severely eroded landforms such that the relief is sharp.
Q94: Which among the following landforms is also called sand sea, dune sea, and sand sheet?
1. Erg
2. Horn
3. Arete
4. Barkhans
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Erg is a flat and broad area of desert covered with wind-swept sand. It has little or no vegetation and is also called a sand sea, dune sea, and sand sheet.
Q95: Which among the following is an erosion landform of a desert?
1. Cave
2. Bornhardt
3. Cuesta
4. Erg
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Erg is a flat and a broad area of the desert covered with wind-swept sand with little or no vegetation. It is an erosion landform of the desert.
Q96: Fjord is an erosion landform created by which of the following?
1. Wind
2. Glacier
3. Limestone
4. None of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Fjord is a steep-sided long and narrow inlet created by the glacier. It is formed when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley by the process of abrasion of the surrounding rock.
Q97: Who among the following argued that Fjords are tectonic in origin?
1. Jens Esmark
2. Alexander Boldt
3. John Walter Gregory
4. Henry Hess
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Fjord is a steep-sided long and narrow inlet created by the glacier. It is formed when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley by the process of abrasion of the surrounding rock. John Walter Gregory argued that Fjords are formed due to tectonic forces and not by glaciers.
Q98: Which among the following is the largest Fjord in the world?
1. Puget Sound
2. Scoresby Sund
3. Disko Island
4. Messier Channel
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Fjord is a steep-sided long and narrow inlet created by the glacier. It is formed when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley by the process of abrasion of the surrounding rock. Scoresby Sund in Greenland is the largest Fjord in the world.
Q99: The features of which landform are described below?
1. It is a landform which consists of a rock wall with a smooth transition into a concavity at the foot zone.
2. It are formed due to weathering being more common at the regolith.
Choose the correct option:
1. Arete
2. Horn
3. Flared slope
4. Etch Plain
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Flared slope is a landform which consists of a rock wall with a smooth transition into a concavity at the foot zone. They are formed due to weathering being more common at the regolith.
Q100: Which among the following landforms is a steeply sloping triangular landform created by the differential erosion of a steeply dipping and an erosion-resistant layer of rock overlying softer strata?
1. Erg
2. Flared slope
3. Etch plain
4. Flatiron
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Flatiron is a steep sloping triangle-shaped landform which is created by differential erosion where there are alternate erosion-resistant rocks and softer strata.
Q101: Which among the following xeric landforms is a deep-shaped valley formed by erosion?
1. Erg
2. Barkhans
3. Gulch
4. Inselberg
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Gulch is a xeric landform. It is a deep-shaped valley formed by erosion. It is usually larger than the gully.
Q102: Which among the following processes are involved in the formation of gullies?
1. Wind Erosion
2. Glacial Erosion
3. Limestone erosion
4. Fluvial erosion
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Gullies are landforms created by the erosion of running water (fluvial erosion). Hillsides are more prone to gully erosion.
Q103: In which regions are Hoodoos generally found?
1. Deserts
2. Mountains
3. Polar regions
4. Oceans
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Hoodoo is an erosion landform mainly found in the desert areas. They generally form with sedimentary and volcanic rock formations. A hoodoo is a thin, tall spire of rock protruding from the bottom of a badland.
Q104: Which among the following landforms is also called a tent rock, fair chimney, or earth pyramid?
1. Erg
2. Hoodoo
3. Hogback
4. Fjord
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Hoodoo is an erosion landform mainly found in the desert areas. They generally form with sedimentary and volcanic rock formations. A hoodoo is a thin, tall spire of rock protruding from the bottom of a badland. It is also called a tent rock, fair chimney, or earth pyramid.
Q105: What is a ridge with a moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope called?
1. Hoodoo
2. Gulch
3. Inselberg
4. Homoclinal ridge
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Homoclinal ridge is an erosion platform. It is a ridge with a moderate sloping backslope and steeper frontslope.
Q106: What is a dome-shaped inselberg formed by granite or gneiss called?
1. Bornhardt
2. Hoodoo
3. Erg
4. Demoiselles
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Inselberg is an isolated hill or a mountain that abruptly rises from a gently sloping plain. Inselbergs which are dome-shaped and formed from granite or gneiss are called bornhardts.
Q107: What are Inselbergs in Southern Africa called?
1. Coriee
2. Lahars
3. Koppie
4. Loo
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Inselberg is an isolated hill or a mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping plain. Such formations of granite rock in Southern Africa are called koppies.
Q108: Which geologist coined the word Inselberg?
1. Alexander Humboldt
2. Wilhelm Bornhardt
3. F. Hoyle
4. James Jeffreys
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Inselberg is an isolated hill or a mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping plain. The word Inselberg was coined by a geologist Wilhelm Bornhardt in 1900.
Q109: What are landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features called?
1. Inselbergs
2. Cuesta
3. Flared slope
4. Inverted relief
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Inverted relief or topographic inversion are landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to the other features.
Q110: Which among the following types of erosional features is common in Madagascar?
1. Lahars
2. Lavaka
3. Chinook
4. Hoodoo
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Lavaka (hole) is usually found on the side of a hill. It is a common erosional feature in Madagascar. They are a type of gully formed by groundwater sapping.
Q111: Which among the following is a biological environment based on a limestone plain with thin or no soil called?
1. Alvars
2. Lavakas
3. Lahars
4. Hoodoo
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: A Limestone pavement is a karst landform having an incised surface of exposed limestone. Limestone pavement is a term usually used in the UK and Ireland. In other regions of the world, they are commonly called Alvars.
Q112: What are isolated hills bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and standing distinctly above a surrounding plain called?
1. Inselberg
2. Mesa
3. Tableland
4. Erg
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Mesas are isolated hills bounded from all sides by steep escarpments and standing distinctly above a surrounding plain. They are exclusively referred to as landforms built of flat-lying strata.
Q113: Which among the following rocks are also called pedestal rocks?
1. Mesas
2. Mushroom rock
3. Yardangs
4. Strike Ridge
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Mushroom rocks, also called as rock pedestals or pedestal rocks, are naturally occurring rocks resembling the shape of a mushroom. They are formed by various processes of weathering and erosion.
Q114: Which among the following is not an example of Mushroom rock?
1. Hopewell Rocks
2. The Kelchstein
3. White Desert
4. Scoresby Sund
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Scoresby Sund in Greenland is an example of a fjord. Mushroom rocks or rock pedestals are naturally occurring rocks resembling a mushroom. They are formed by the process of erosion and weathering.
Q115: Which among the following is the largest natural arch?
1. Xianren Bridge
2. London Bridge
3. Paradise point
4. Arch creek
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Natural Arch or a Natural bridge or a rock bridge is a natural bridge formation whereby an arch is formed with an opening underneath. They are formed where island cliffs, fins, or stacks are subject to erosion, weathering by seas, rivers, etc. Xianren Bridge, China, is the largest natural arch.
Q116: Which among the following is a low relief plain formed due to protracted erosion?
1. Pediments
2. Yardangs
3. Peneplain
4. Barkhans
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Peneplains are low relief plains formed due to protracted erosion. They are formed due to the process of erosion and weathering.
Q117: What are weathered plantation surfaces called?
1. Etchplains
2. Inselbergs
3. Hoodoo
4. Ergs
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Etchplains are weathered plantation surfaces. Plantation surfaces are erosion surfaces that are almost flat.
Q118: Which among the following is a long mesa that at one end slopes upward to higher terrain?
1. Erg
2. Inselberg
3. Cuesta
4. Potrero
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Potrero, in Spanish, is a common land in poor condition. Potreros are long mesas that slope upward at one end to higher terrain.
Q119: Which among the following is a chain of mountains or hills that form a continuous elevated crest for some distance?
1. Hogback
2. Ridge
3. Fjord
4. Tor
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Ridge or a mountain ridge is a group/chain of mountains or hills forming a continuous elevated crest for a considerable distance. They are usually termed as hills or mountains depending on the size.
Q120: Which among the following landforms is also called sheepback?
1. Hogback
2. Inselbergs
3. Ergs
4. Roche moutonnée
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Roche moutonnée or Sheepbacks are landforms created by the passing of the glacier. They are an erosional feature.
Q121: Which among the following is a step-like landform?
1. Ridges
2. Terraces
3. Hoodoos
4. Benches
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Terraces are step-like landforms. They are landforms of erosion. Terraces which are narrow are called benches.
Q122: What is a table-top mountain or mesa found in the Guiana Highlands of South America known as?
1. Gulch
2. Potrero
3. Tor
4. Tepui
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Tepui or Tepuy is a table-top mountain or a mesa generally found in the Guiana Highlands of South America. The word tepui means ‘house of the gods’.
Q123: Which among the following is the largest Tepui?
1. Auyantepui
2. Matawi Tepui
3. Autana Tepui
4. Roraima Tepui
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Auyantepui, which is the source of Angel Falls, is one of the largest tepuis in the world. Tepui or Tepuy is a tabletop mountain or a mesa generally found in the Guiana Highlands of South America. The word tepui means ‘house of the gods’.
Q124: What is the landform with a relatively flat rock surface fractured into polygonal rocks called?
1. Tors
2. Tessellated pavement
3. Cuesta
4. Ridge
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Tessellated pavement is a relatively flat rock surface fractured into polygonal rocks resembling tiles of a mosaic floor.
Q125: What is the landform that descends towards a valley floor or coastline from a higher elevation ending in an inverted-V face?
1. Truncated Spur
2. Tor
3. Barkhans
4. Hogback
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Truncated spurs are erosional landforms. It is a ridge which descends towards a valley floor from a higher elevation ending in an inverted-V face.
Q126: Which erosional landform is also called Castle Koppie?
1. Canyons
2. Inselberg
3. Tor
4. Gulch
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Tors are erosional landforms also referred to as Castle Koppie by geomorphologists. Tor is a free-standing rock outcrop rising abruptly from the surrounding gentle slope.
Q127: What is a valley through which a river runs called?
1. Vale
2. Tor
3. Cuesta
4. Deil
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: A valley is an area between two mountains. It is a depression that is longer than it is wide. Vale is a valley through which a river runs.
Q128: Which among the following landforms is also called a coastal bench?
1. Tor
2. Delta
3. Wave cut platform
4. Meanders
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Wave cut platforms, also called coastal benches or shore platforms, are erosional landforms formed at the base of the sea cliff along the shoreline.
Q129: Which among the following landforms is a Fluvial landform?
1. Inselberg
2. Cirque
3. Ait
4. Arete
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Ait is a small island formed due to the deposition of sediments in water. The river islands found on the River Thames and its tributaries in England are called Aits.
Q130: What are triangular shaped deposits of water-transported material called?
1. Tors
2. Alluvial fan
3. Moraine
4. Drumlin
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Alluvial fans are triangular-shaped water-transported material. It is also referred to as alluvium. They are unconsolidated sedimentary deposits more common in arid and semi-arid areas.
Q131: What is the channel with numerous Aits called?
1. Meanders
2. Braided channel
3. Anabranch
4. Stream channel
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Aits are small islands. It is used to refer to the River Thames and its tributaries in England. A channel with numerous Aits is called a Braided channel.
Q132: What is the section of a river that diverts from the main channel of the watercourse and rejoins the main stem downstream called?
1. Anabranch
2. Braided channel
3. Ait
4. Delta
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Anabranch is a section of the river diverting from the main channel of the watercourse and rejoining the main stem downstream. The term Anabranch is frequently used in Australia for its hydrological meaning.
Q133: Which among the following is a gulch that seasonally fills and flows after sufficient rain?
1. Anabranch
2. Braided channel
3. Arroyo
4. Loo
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Arroyo, also called as wash, is a dry creek that temporarily flows and fills after sufficient rains. Arroyo is a Spanish word meaning brook.
Q134: What is a valley with a steeper slope on one side called?
1. Asymmetric valley
2. Tor
3. Mesa
4. Vale
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Asymmetric valleys are valleys with steeper slopes on one side. They are azonal landforms, meaning they are not influenced by the climate of the region but are formed due to geological processes.
Q135: What is the landform from where deposits of fine silts and clay deposit after a flood called?
1. Backswamp
2. Delta
3. Moraine
4. Mesa
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Backswamps are commonly found in floodplains as depositional features. They are low-lying areas where fine silts and clays settle after a flood. They usually lie behind a stream’s natural levees.
Q136: What is a submerged ridge rising from the bed of water to the near surface called?
1. Tor
2. Hogback
3. Shoal
4. Backswamp
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Shoal or bar is a naturally submerged ridge rising from the bed of water to near the water’s surface. They are also called sandbars, sandbanks, or gravel bars.
Q137: Which among the fluvial landforms are also called sandbars, sandbanks or gravel bars?
1. Delta
2. Backswamp
3. Ait
4. Shoal
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: A shoal or bar is a naturally submerged ridge rising from the bed of water to near the water’s surface. These landforms are also known as sandbars, sandbanks, or gravel bars.
Q138: What is a body of water found in a flat and low-lying area with an extremely slow-moving stream or river or a marshy lake or wetland called?
1. Backswamp
2. Shoal
3. Ait
4. Bayou
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: A bayou is a body of water found in a low-lying flat area with an extremely slow-moving stream or river or a marshy lake or wetland. They usually contain brackish water.
Q139: Which among the following is a network of river channels separated by small, often temporary islands?
1. Braided channel
2. Bayou
3. Ait
4. Delta
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: A braided river or braided channel is a network of river channels usually separated by braid bars. They typically occur in rivers with high sediment load.
Q140: What is a sedimentary fluvial deposit called which forms when a stream breaks its natural or artificial levees and deposits sediment on a floodplain?
1. Buyon
2. Crevasse splay
3. Dunes
4. Hogbacks
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A crevasse splay is a deposition of sedimentary fluvial deposits formed when a river breaks its levees, depositing sediments on the floodplain. These deposits can vary in size.
Q141: What is the process where the river abandons its old river channel and forms a new one called?
1. Avulsion
2. Attrition
3. Abrasion
4. Corrasion
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Avulsion is the process of rapid abandonment where the river abandons its old river channel and forms a new river channel.
Q142: Which among the following is the largest river basin?
1. Amazon
2. Congo
3. Nile
4. Mississippi
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: A river basin is an area of land where rainwater collects and drains off in a common outlet like a river or bay. The Amazon River basin is the largest in the world.
Q143: What is the drainage divide also known as?
1. Impluvium
2. Catchment area
3. Watershed
4. Drainage area
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: The drainage divide, also known as the watershed, is an elevated platform dividing the neighbouring drainage basins.
Q144: Which among the following is a long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel?
1. Esker
2. Tors
3. Cuesta
4. Demoiselles
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: An esker, also called asar, osar, or os, is a long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel. Eskers have a uniform shape and resemble railway embankments.
Q145: What is the area of land adjacent to a river stretching from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls, and experiencing flooding during periods of high discharge called?
1. Peneplain
2. Pediplain
3. Moraine
4. Floodplain
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: A floodplain is the area of land adjacent to the river, stretching from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley. It experiences flooding during periods of high discharge.
Q146: What is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species called?
1. Floodplain
2. Hogback
3. Lahar
4. Marsh
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: A marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous plant species. They are often found at the edges of lakes and streams and are dominated by grasses or reeds. Sometimes, they are called carrs.
Q147: What is a series of regular sinuous curves, bends, loops, turns, or windings in the channel of a river, stream, or other watercourse called?
1. Lahars
2. Floodplain
3. Ox bow lake
4. Meander
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: A meander is a sinuous turn, loop, or curve in the river channel. The degree of the meandering of the river or stream’s channel is measured by sinuosity.
Q148: What is a river that is either too large or too small to have eroded the valley or cave passage in which it flows?
1. Meanders
2. Floodplain
3. Misfit stream
4. Marsh
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: A misfit stream is a fluvial landform that is defined as a river which is either too small or too large to have eroded the valley in which it flows.
Q149: What is a U-shaped water body that forms when a wide meander of a river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water called?
1. Meanders
2. Tor
3. Ox bow lake
4. Marsh
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: An ox bow lake is a U-shaped lake formed when a meander of a river is cut off. This cut off meander creates a free-standing water body called an ox bow lake.
Q150: What are Ox bow lakes created by Rio Grande called?
1. Resacas
2. Loo
3. Cuesta
4. Backswamp
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Ox bow lakes created by the Rio Grande are called resacas.
Q151: What is a depositional feature made of alluvium that accumulates on the inside bend of streams and rivers below the slip-off slope called?
1. Meander
2. Point bar
3. Delta
4. Ox bow lake
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A point bar is a depositional feature made of alluvium which accumulates at the inside bend of a river below the slip-off slope. Point bars are found in meandering streams and have a crescent shape.
Q152: What is the deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall called?
1. Plunge pool
2. Cuesta
3. Meander
4. Ox bow lake
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: A plunge pool or waterfall lake is a deep depression in the stream bed at the base of a waterfall. It is created by the erosional force of the cascading water and occurs during the youthful stage of river development.
Q153: Which among the following statements is not correct about the Plunge pool?
1. It is a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall
2. It is created by the erosional forces of cascading water.
3. They occur at the mature stage of river development.
4. They are often very deep, generally related to the height of fall and the volume of water.
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Plunge pools are not associated with the mature stage of river development. They are created by the erosional forces of cascading water and are often deep, depending on the height of the fall and the volume of water.
Q154: Which among the following statements is not correct about Rapids?
1. They are sections of a river where the river bed has a relatively steep gradient.
2. River rafting sports are carried out where many rapids are present in the course.
3. They cause a decrease in the water velocity and turbulence.
4. Rapids cause water aeration of the stream or river resulting in better water quality.
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Rapids cause an increase in the water velocity and turbulence, not a decrease. They are sections of a river with a relatively steep gradient and are famous for river rafting sports. Rapids also cause water aeration of the stream, resulting in improved water quality.
Q155: What is a shallow landform in a flowing water channel called?
1. Marsh
2. Floodplain
3. Point bar
4. Riffle
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: A riffle is a shallow landform in a flowing water channel. It has a low flow and is generally assessed at very low discharge.
Q156: What is the landform created by the deposition of sediment that is carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth and enters slower-moving or stagnant water called?
1. Delta
2. Floodplain
3. Marsh
4. Alluvial fan
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: A delta is a depositional landform created by the deposition of sediment that is carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth and enters slower-moving or stagnant water.
Q157: Which among the following is the world’s largest river delta?
1. Amazon Delta
2. Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta
3. Danube Delta
4. Nile Delta
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: The Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta is the world’s largest delta. It spans most of Bangladesh and West Bengal and empties into the Bay of Bengal.
Q158: What is the point at which the water flows from an aquifer to the earth’s surface?
1. Lake
2. Spring
3. Ocean
4. Waterfall
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A spring is a point at which the water flows from an aquifer to the earth’s surface.
Q159: What is the line of lowest elevation within a valley or watercourse called?
1. Delta
2. Thalweg
3. Cuesta
4. Meander
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: In fluvial geomorphology, the line with the lowest elevation within a valley or watercourse is called a thalweg or talweg.
Q160: What is a large river valley called, which is typically wide and shallow?
1. Glen
2. Horst
3. Strath
4. Spring
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: A strath is a large valley, typically a river valley that is wide and shallow.
Q161: What is a body of water with surface water flowing within the bed and banks of a channel called?
1. Meander
2. Floodplain
3. Stream
4. Waterfall
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: A stream is a body of water with surface water flowing within the bed and banks of a channel. The study of streams and waterways is called surface hydrology.
Q162: Which among the following is not a regional name for streams?
1. Cavern
2. Burn
3. Brook
4. Rivulet
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Cavern is another name for a cave. A stream is a body of water with surface water flowing within the bed and banks of a channel and is also called a burn, brook, rivulet, nant, gill, beck, bourne, etc.
Q163: What is the stretch of a river or stream in which the water depth is above average and the water velocity is below average called?
1. Plunge pool
2. Marsh
3. Stream pool
4. Ocean
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: A stream pool is a hydrological feature where a river or stream is characterised by above-average water depth and below-average water velocity.
Q164: What are stream pools formed by the action of waterfalls called?
1. Plunge pools
2. River pools
3. Ox-bow lakes
4. Riffle pools
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Plunge pools are stream pools formed by the action of waterfalls. They are relatively deep depending on the velocity and volume of water.
Q165: What are forested wetlands called?
1. Marsh
2. Tors
3. Swamps
4. Delta
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Forested wetlands are called swamps. They are located all around the world, with freshwater swamps forming along large lakes and rivers, and saltwater swamps found along tropical and subtropical coastlines.
Q166: Which among the following statements is incorrect about swamps?
1. A swamp is a forested wetland.
2. They are considered to be transition zones.
3. Freshwater swamps form along large rivers or lakes.
4. Swaps are found among polar regions.
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Saltwater swamps are found along tropical and subtropical coastlines, not in polar regions. Swamps are forested wetlands considered to be transition zones, and freshwater swamps form along large rivers or lakes.
Q167: What tributary stream runs parallel to and within the floodplain of a larger river for a considerable distance, before eventually joining it called?
1. Yazoo stream
2. Lahars
3. Thalweg
4. River stream
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: A Yazoo stream is a type of tributary stream that runs parallel to and within the floodplain of a large river for a considerable distance before eventually joining it.
Q168: What is the area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet called?
1. River stream
2. Thalweg
3. Watershed
4. Swamp
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: A watershed is an area of land where rain or precipitation collects and then drains off into a common outlet.
Q169: What is an area where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops in the course of a river called?
1. Plunge pool
2. Waterfall
3. Watershed
4. Wetland
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: The area where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep slopes or drops in the course of a stream or river is called a waterfall. They are commonly formed in the upper stage of the river and can have a wide range of widths and depths.
Q170: Which among the following statements is not correct about a waterfall?
1. It is an area where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops in the course of a stream or river
2. They are commonly formed in the lower stage of the river
3. They can have a wide range of widths and depths.
4. Angel Falls in Venezuela is the world’s tallest above-water waterfall.
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Waterfalls are commonly formed in the upper stage of the river, not the lower stage. They are areas where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops and can vary in width and depth. Angel Falls in Venezuela is indeed the world’s tallest above-water waterfall, measuring 979 metres in height.
Q171: Which among the following is the world’s tallest above-water waterfall?
1. Angel Falls
2. Niagara Falls
3. Rhine Falls
4. Tugella Falls
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Angel Falls in Venezuela is the tallest above-water waterfall in the world, with a height of 979 metres. Niagara Falls are the widest and most powerful falls in North America.
Q172: What is the Arabic term traditionally referred to as Valley?
1. Lahar
2. Loo
3. Wadi
4. Koppie
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Wadi is the Arabic word traditionally used to refer to a valley. It is sometimes used for a riverbed that contains water only when heavy rains occur.
Q173: What is a long valley bounded by gently sloped concave sides called?
1. Glen
2. Strath
3. Dell
4. Hollow
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Glen is a long valley bounded by gently sloped concave sides. Strath, on the other hand, is a wide flat valley through which a river runs, and Hollow is a term used for a small valley surrounded by mountains.
Q174: What are landforms created by extraterrestrial events called?
1. Karst Landforms
2. Fluvial Landforms
3. Lacustrine Landforms
4. Impact Landforms
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Impact landforms are landforms created by extraterrestrial impacts, such as the collision of two astronomical objects leading to severe effects.
Q175: Which among the following is not an Impact landform?
1. Complex crater
2. Polje
3. Ejecta blanket
4. Central peak
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Impact landforms include Central peak, Ejecta blanket, Complex crater, impact crater, and simple crater, but not Polje. Polje is a type of karst landform.
Q176: What type of landform is an Ejecta blanket?
1. Fluvial landform
2. Impact landform
3. Karst landform
4. Lacustrine landform
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: An ejecta blanket is an impact landform. It is a symmetrical apron of ejecta surrounding an impact crater.
Q177: What type of landform is a Central peak?
1. Impact landform
2. Fluvial landform
3. Karst landform
4. Lacustrine landform
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: A Central peak is an impact landform formed by the collision of two astronomical objects, resulting in a huge impact.
Q178: What is an approximately circular depression in the surface of a planet or moon called?
1. Impact crater
2. Thalweg
3. Polje
4. Cave
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: An impact crater is an approximately circular depression in the surface of a planet or moon formed by the hypervelocity impact of a smaller body. Meteor crater is an example of a small impact crater.
Q179: What are impact crater lakes also called?
1. Yazoo stream
2. Uvala lake
3. Mogote lake
4. Annular lake
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Impact crater lakes are lakes formed by the depression caused by the impact of a crater. They are also known as annular lakes, and the water in the annular lake is shaped like a ring.
Q180: Which is the largest impact crater lake?
1. Lonar lake
2. Lake Manicouagan
3. Acraman crater
4. Lake Cheko
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Lake Manicouagan in Canada is the largest impact crater lake.
Q181: Which among the following is the impact crater lake in India?
1. Karakul
2. Lake Cheko
3. Lake Kaali
4. Lonar Lake
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Lonar Lake was created by an asteroid collision and is an impact crater lake in Maharashtra, India.
Q182: What are symmetrical aprons of pyroclastic material surrounding an impact crater called?
1. Ejecta Blanket
2. Central peak
3. Tors
4. Moraines
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Ejecta Blankets are impact landforms, and they are symmetrical aprons of pyroclastic material surrounding an impact crater.
Q183: Which among the following is not an impact crater lake?
1. Lonar lake
2. Dal lake
3. Karakul lake
4. West Hawk lake
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A lake inside a depression caused by the impact of a meteor is called an impact crater lake. Examples include Lonar lake, Clearwater lakes, Karakul lake, West Hawk lake, etc. Dal lake is a freshwater lake in Kashmir.
Q184: Which among the following factors is involved in the formation of an impact crater lake?
1. Volcano
2. Earthquake
3. Meteor
4. Plate tectonics
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Impact crater lake is a lake inside a depression created by the impact of a meteor. It is also known as an annular lake.
Q185: Which among the following landforms are created by the collision of two astronomical objects?
1. Karst Landforms
2. Lacustrine Landforms
3. Impact Landforms
4. Fluvial landforms
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Impact landforms are landforms formed due to the collision of two astronomical objects with measurable effects.
Q186: Which among the following is an impact crater lake?
1. Karakul lake
2. Dal lake
3. Sonkol lake
4. Baikal lake
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Impact crater lakes are formed in the depression of a crater due to the impact of a meteor. Examples of crater lakes include Karakul lake (Tajikistan), Lonar lake, Lake Cheko, Lake Siljan, etc.
Q187: What are landforms formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks called?
1. Fluvial landforms
2. Impact landforms
3. Lacustrine landforms
4. Karst landforms
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Karst landforms are landforms formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite, and gypsum.
Q188: What is a deep vertical shaft in karst regions opening into a network of subterranean passages called?
1. Oasis
2. Abime
3. Ejecta Blanket
4. Tor
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Karst topography is a result of the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. Abime, a karst landform, is a deep vertical shaft opening into a network of subterranean passages.
Q189: What is a steep-sided valley formed within the karstic regions by fluvial erosion or due to the collapse of the roof of a cave called?
1. Abime
2. Tor
3. Calanque
4. Oasis
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Karst topography is a result of the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. Calanque is a steep-sided valley formed within the karstic regions due to fluvial erosion or due to the collapse of a roof of a cave.
Q190: Which among the following options is not related to the recreation activities in caves?
1. Caving
2. Spelunking
3. Potholing
4. Rafting
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Karst topography is a result of the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. Caves are formed due to weathering of rock deep underground. Cave or cavern is a natural void and is a space large enough so that a human can enter. Visiting or exploring caves for recreation is called caving, spelunking, and potholing.
Q191: In which rocks does most of the formation of caves take place?
1. Granite
2. Quartzite
3. Limestone
4. Sandstone
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Karst topography is a result of the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. Caves are formed due to weathering of rock deep underground. Cave or cavern is a natural void and is a space large enough so that a human can enter. The study of the formation and development of caves is called Speleogenesis. Most of the formation of caves takes place in limestone rocks by dissolution.
Q192: What are secondary mineral deposits formed in caves called?
1. Speleothems
2. Pyroclastic debris
3. Ejecta Blanket
4. Karst landforms
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Karst topography is a result of the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. Caves are formed due to weathering of rock deep underground. Cave or cavern is a natural void and is a space large enough so that a human can enter. The study of the formation and development of caves is called Speleogenesis. The secondary mineral deposits formed in the caves are called speleothems. These include flowstones, stalagmites, stalactites, etc.
Q193: Which caves are formed along the coasts of the world?
1. Primary caves
2. Littoral caves
3. Corrasional caves
4. Glacier caves
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Karst topography is a result of the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. Caves are formed due to weathering of rock deep underground. Cave or cavern is a natural void and is a space large enough so that a human can enter.
Q194: Which caves are formed by the openings among large boulders that have fallen down into a random heap?
1. Fracture caves
2. Talus caves
3. Anchialine caves
4. Glacier caves
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Karst topography is a result of the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. Caves are formed due to weathering of rock deep underground. Cave or cavern is a natural void and is a space large enough so that a human can enter. Talus caves are caves formed by the openings among large boulders which have fallen down into a random heap.
Q195: What is a natural pit or a sinkhole which results from the collapse of a limestone bedrock exposing the groundwater underneath called?
1. Uvalas
2. Oasis
3. Cenote
4. Cave
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Cenote is a natural pit or a sinkhole which results from the collapse of a limestone bedrock exposing the groundwater underneath. Cenotes are commonly found in low-lying areas like islands, coastlines, etc.
Q196: What kind of a landform is Foiba?
1. Fluvial landform
2. Lacustrine landform
3. Karst landform
4. Glacial landform
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Foiba is a type of deep natural sinkhole or sink. It is a collapsed portion of a bedrock above a void. The term Foiba means ‘pit’.
Q197: What is a deep natural sinkhole called?
1. Oasis
2. Tors
3. Foiba
4. Stalagmite
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Foiba is a type of deep natural sinkhole or sink. It is a collapsed portion of a bedrock above a void. The term Foiba means ‘pit’.
Q198: What are window-like features in the karst landscapes?
1. Uvalas
2. Karst fenster
3. Polje
4. Stalactites
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Karst fenster is formed due to the dissolution of carbonate rocks. The word fenster in German means window. These features are windows into the karst landscape.
Q199: What feature is formed due to the dissolution of carbonate rocks?
1. Tors
2. Inselbergs
3. Karst fenster
4. Drumlins
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Karst fenster is formed due to the dissolution of carbonate rocks. The word fenster in German means window. These features are windows into the karst landscape.
Q200: What is an isolated steep-sided residual hill composed of either limestone, marble, or dolomite called?
1. Inselberg
2. Mogote
3. Uvala
4. Horn
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A mogote is an isolated steep-sided residual hill which is composed of either limestone, dolomite, or marble. They have a rounded tower-like form. A group of mogotes along a ridge is called pepinos.
Q201: Which among the following statements is not correct about Mogotes?
1. It is a karst landform
2. It is an isolated steep-sided hill formed of limestone or marble or dolomite
3. A group of mogotes is called a pediplain
4. They have a rounded tower-like form
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Mogotes are karst landforms which range from amorphous shallow pits to irregular labyrinthine hollows up to several metres. A group of mogotes along a ridge is called pepinos.
Q202: What are large flat plains found in karst regions called?
1. Tor
2. Uvalas
3. Polje
4. Mogote
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Poljes, also called karst fields or karst polje, are large flat plains found in karst regions. The word Polje means ‘field’. They are flat-floored depressions within karst limestone.
Q203: Which among the following terms is not associated with a sinkhole?
1. Cenote
2. Doline
3. Swallet
4. Mogote
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: A sinkhole, also known as swallet, doline, cenote, or swallow hole, is a depression in the ground caused by the surface layer. Mogote is a steep-sided residual hill of limestone, dolomite, or marble.
Q204: In which areas are Turlough lakes found?
1. Limestone
2. Sandstone
3. Granite
4. Carbonate
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Turlough or turlach is a type of disappearing lake found in limestone areas. The word tur in Turlough means ‘dry’. These landforms are found in Irish karst areas.
Q205: What are disappearing lakes found in limestone areas called?
1. Turlough
2. Mogote
3. Stalagmite
4. Stalactite
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Turlough or turlach is a type of disappearing lake found in limestone areas. The word tur in Turlough means ‘dry’. These landforms are found in Irish karst areas.
Q206: What is a river that runs wholly or partly beneath the ground surface called?
1. Ephemeral river
2. Subterranean river
3. Exotic river
4. Youthful river
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A subterranean river is a river that wholly or partly runs beneath the ground surface. They are found flowing through cave systems.
Q207: What is a closed karst depression larger than a sinkhole called?
1. Doline
2. Uvala
3. Mogote
4. Tor
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Uvalas are closed karst depressions usually larger than a sinkhole.
Q208: Which among the following landforms are associated with lakes?
1. Karst landforms
2. Impact landforms
3. Lacustrine landforms
4. Cryogenic landforms
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Lacustrine landforms are landforms associated with lakes. These landforms include beaches, oases, lakes, salt pans, ponds, etc.
Q209: What is a landform alongside a body of water consisting of loose particles called?
1. Erg
2. Beach
3. Tor
4. Drumlin
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: The landform alongside a body of water consisting of loose particles is called a beach.
Q210: What is the near horizontal portion that stays dry except during extremely high tides and storms called?
1. Berm
2. Swash zone
3. Beach face
4. Wrack line
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Berm is a near horizontal portion of the beach that stays dry except during extremely high tides or storms. It may have sand dunes.
Q211: What is the deposit of material comprising the active shoreline called?
1. Tor
2. Oasis
3. Berm
4. Moraine
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Berm is a near horizontal portion of the beach that stays dry except during extremely high tides or storms. It may have sand dunes. It is the deposit of material comprising the active shoreline.
Q212: Which section of the beach is alternately covered and exposed by wave run-up?
1. Wreck line
2. Swash zone
3. Berm
4. Beach face
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Swash zone is the section of the beach which is alternately covered and exposed by wave run-up.
Q213: What is the highest reach of the daily tide where organic and inorganic debris is deposited by wave action called?
1. Hardpan
2. Berm
3. Swash zone
4. Wrack line
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Wrack line is the highest reach of the daily tide where organic and inorganic debris is deposited by wave action.
Q214: What kind of a landform are Carolina Bays?
1. Karst Landform
2. Glacial Landform
3. Lacustrine Landform
4. Impact Landform
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Carolina Bays are elliptical depressions along the Atlantic seaboard within coastal Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, and South Carolina. They are lacustrine landforms.
Q215: Which among the following terms is not used for Dry lake?
1. Hardpan
2. Lahars
3. Playa
4. Saltpan
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Dry lakes are lacustrine landforms associated with lakes. They are basins or depressions that formerly contained standing surface water bodies. They are also called hardpans, playas, or saltpans.
Q216: What is a limited drainage basin that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans called?
1. Endorheic basin
2. Perennial basin
3. Exorheic basin
4. Eudemic basin
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Endorheic basins are basins which have limited drainage and which normally retain water. It does not allow the outflow to other external bodies like rivers or oceans.
Q217: Which among the following is a closed hydrological system?
1. Exorheic basin
2. Endorheic basin
3. Perennial basin
4. Eupheral basin
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Endorheic basins are basins which have limited drainage and which normally retain water. It does not allow the outflow to other external bodies like rivers or oceans. They are closed hydrological systems.
Q218: Which is the world’s largest saline inland sea?
1. Aral sea
2. Mediterranean sea
3. Black sea
4. Caspian sea
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Caspian sea is the world’s largest inland saline sea.
Q219: Which among the following lakes do not flow into the sea?
1. Caspian sea
2. Aral sea
3. Black sea
4. Dead sea
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Endorheic basins are basins which have a limited drainage and which normally retain water. They do not allow outflow to other external bodies like rivers or oceans. Endorheic lakes do not flow into the sea, and the Dead Sea is one of them.
Q220: Which among the following is a plain formed due to the past existence of a lake and its accompanying sediment accumulation?
1. Lacustrine plain
2. Pediplain
3. Delta
4. Peneplain
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Lacustrine plains or lake plains are plains formed due to the past existence of a lake and its accompanying sediment accumulation.
Q221: What kind of terrace is formed when geothermally heated supersaturated alkaline waters emerge to the surface and form waterfalls of precipitated carbonates?
1. Lacustrine terrace
2. Fluvial terrace
3. Travertine terrace
4. Kame terrace
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Travertine terrace is a kind of terrace formed when geothermally heated supersaturated alkaline water emerges to the surface. It generally forms waterfalls of precipitated carbonates once they emerge.
Q222: What is a fertile area in a desert or semi-desert environment called?
1. Oasis
2. Tor
3. Inselberg
4. Moraine
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Oasis is a fertile area in a semi-desert or desert environment. They provide habitats for plants and animals. The word oasis means ‘dwelling place’.
Q223: Which among the following is not correct about Oasis?
1. They are formed in Karst landforms
2. They are habitats for plants and animals
3. They often have a date palm grove
4. Location of oases has been of critical importance for trade and transportation routes
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Oasis is a fertile area in a semi-desert or desert environment. They provide habitats for plants and animals. The word oasis means ‘dwelling place’. They often have a date palm grove, and their location has been of critical importance for trade and transportation routes. However, oases are not specifically formed in Karst landforms.
Q224: What among the following landforms is famous for growing date palms?
1. Oasis
2. Drumlins
3. Lahars
4. Horn
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Oasis is a fertile area in a semi-desert or desert environment. They provide habitats for plants and animals. The word oasis means ‘dwelling place’. They are famous for the cultivation of date palms.
Q225: What represents a series of ice-dammed proglacial lake shorelines produced during the cold climate of the Younger Dryas?
1. Glen Roy
2. Oasis
3. Lahars
4. Cenote
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Parallels of Glen Roy are a series of ice-dammed proglacial lake shorelines produced during the cold climate of the Younger Dryas.
Q226: What is a relatively smaller body of standing water called?
1. Lake
2. Pond
3. River
4. Ocean
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Pond is a relatively smaller body of standing water. It is filled with water, either natural or artificial, and is smaller than a lake.
Q227: What is the lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks called?
1. Col
2. Arete
3. Moraine
4. Tor
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: The lowest point on the mountain ridge between two peaks is called a Col. It is also called a gap.
Q228: What is a deep crack or fracture found in an ice sheet or glacier called?
1. Col
2. Arete
3. Crevasse
4. Tor
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Crevasse is a deep crack or fracture specifically found in an ice sheet or glacier. They often have vertical or near-vertical walls.
Q229: What is a small valley between two ridge lines that is closed at one or both ends called?
1. Col
2. Arete
3. Crevasse
4. Cove
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Cove is a small valley between two ridge lines which are closed at one or both ends. It is specifically used to refer to a small valley in the Appalachian mountains.
Q230: What is an elongated hill in the shape of an inverted spoon or half-buried egg called?
1. Erg
2. Cove
3. Drumlin
4. Moraine
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Drumlins are elongated hills in the shape of an inverted spoon or half-buried egg. They are formed by glacial ice acting on underlying unconsolidated till.
Q231: What is a long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel associated with former glaciers called?
1. Arete
2. Esker
3. Crevasse
4. Col
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Esker, also called os, osar, or asar, is a long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel associated with former glaciers.
Q232: What is a long narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs created by glacial activity called?
1. Arete
2. Col
3. Crevasse
4. Fjord
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: A long narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs created by glacial activity is called a Fjord. It is a glacial landform.
Q233: What is an isolated rock hill or small mountain that rises abruptly from a relatively flat surrounding plain called?
1. Fluvial terrace
2. Esker
3. Flyggberg
4. Arete
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: An isolated rock hill or small mountain that rises abruptly from a relatively flat surrounding plain is called a Flyggberg. It is also called an inselberg or monadrock.
Q234: What is a persistent body of ice that is moving under its own weight called?
1. Landslide
2. Glacier
3. Lahar
4. River
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A glacier is a persistent body of ice that is moving under its own weight. It forms when the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation.
Q235: What is the region between the current leading edge of the glacier and the moraines of the latest maximum called?
1. Esker
2. Glacier foreland
3. Fluvial terrace
4. Arete
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: The region between the current leading edge of the glacier and the moraines of the latest maximum is called a Glacier foreland. It is also called a glacier forefield.
Q236: What is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain called?
1. Valley
2. Crest
3. Hill
4. Trench
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. They have a distinct summit.
Q237: What is a landform formed by a stream of meltwater flowing through or around a glacier and depositing sediments in a proglacial lake called?
1. Esker
2. Kame Delta
3. Valley
4. Drumlin
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A landform formed by a stream of meltwater flowing through or around a glacier and depositing sediments in a proglacial lake is called a Kame Delta. It is a glacial landform.
Q238: What is a depression or a hole in an outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers called?
1. Drumlins
2. Kettle
3. Esker
4. Arete
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A depression or a hole in an outwash plain that is formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters is called a Kettle. They are a result of blocks of dead ice left behind by retreating glaciers.
Q239: What are glacially formed accumulations of unconsolidated debris called?
1. Delta
2. Alluvial fans
3. Moraines
4. Drumlins
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Moraines are glacially formed accumulations of unconsolidated debris. They are formed from debris previously carried along by a glacier.
Q240: What are landforms of ridges deposited by a glacier or ice sheet transverse to ice flow called?
1. Rogen moraine
2. Drumlins
3. Arete
4. Oasis
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Landforms of ridges deposited by a glacier or ice sheet transverse to ice flow are called rogen moraine. They mainly occur in Scotland and Ireland.
Q241: What is a shaft within a glacier or ice sheet through which water enters from the surface called?
1. Fjord
2. Moulin
3. Esker
4. Cove
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A moulin or glacier mill is a shaft within a glacier or ice sheet through which water enters from the surface.
Q242: What is a large landform that rises fairly steeply above the surrounding land over a limited area called?
1. Mountain
2. Ridge
3. Trench
4. Valley
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: A mountain is a large landform that rises fairly steeply above the surrounding land over a limited area. It is generally steeper than a hill.
Q243: What is a route through a mountain range or over a ridge called?
1. Mountain slope
2. Mountain pass
3. Mountain range
4. Cove
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A mountain pass is a route through a mountain range or over a ridge. At lower elevations, it is called a hill pass.
Q244: What is a geographic area containing several geologically related mountains called?
1. Mountain range
2. Mountain pass
3. Mountain slope
4. Peaks
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: A geographic area containing several geologically related mountains is called a mountain range. It is a series of mountains or hills ranged in a line.
Q245: What are exposed rocky elements of a ridge, mountain not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier called?
1. Monadrocks
2. Inselbergs
3. Tors
4. Nunataks
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Nunataks are exposed, often rocky elements of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier. They are also called glacial islands.
Q246: What are angular, sharply pointed mountainous peaks found in glacial areas called?
1. Horn
2. Tor
3. Arete
4. Esker
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Pyramidal peak or glacial horns are angular, sharply pointed mountainous peaks found in glacial areas.
Q247: What are valleys formed by glacial scouring called?
1. V-shaped valley
2. U-shaped valley
3. Trenches
4. Moraines
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: U-shaped valleys or glacial troughs are valleys formed by glacial scouring. They have a characteristic U shape with steep, straight sides and a flat or rounded bottom.
Q248: What is a low area lying between hills often with a river running through it called?
1. Trench
2. Waterfall
3. Valley
4. Moraine
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: A valley is a low area lying between hills, often with a river running through it. It is also called a dale. It is a depression that is longer than it is wide.
Q249: What is a fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier called?
1. Outwash fan
2. Playas
3. Lahars
4. Sandur
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Outwash fans are fan-shaped bodies of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. Outwash fans are glacial landforms.
Q250: What is a linear lowland created by a tectonic rift or fault called?
1. Rift valley
2. Trench
3. Plunge pool
4. Crevasse
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Rift valleys are linear lowlands created by a tectonic rift or fault. It is formed on a divergent plate boundary.
Q251: What are plains formed from glacier sediments that were transported by meltwater called?
1. Delta
2. Alluvial plains
3. Sandur
4. Drumlins
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: An outwash plain, also called sandur, are plains formed from glacier sediments that were transported by meltwater.
Q252: What is a clear line on the side of a valley marking the most recent highest extent of the glacier called?
1. Truncated spur
2. Ridge line
3. Summit
4. Trim line
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: A trim line is a clear line on the side of a valley marking the most recent highest extent of the glacier.
Q253: What is a point on a surface that is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it called?
1. Tor
2. Summit
3. Hill
4. Ridge
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A summit is a point on a surface that is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. They are also called apex, peak, or acme.
Q254: What is a ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short called?
1. Summit
2. Truncated spur
3. Crevasse
4. Esker
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: A truncated spur is a ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline that is cut short. They are mostly found in mountain ranges, along the walls of valleys, or the coastlines.
Q255: What are valleys with a tributary to a larger river called?
1. U-shaped valley
2. Side valley
3. V-shaped valley
4. Tunnel-valley
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Side valley is a valley with a tributary to a larger river. They are higher-order valleys near mountains.
Q256: Which among the following statements is correct about Bluff?
1. It is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small relatively flat top.
2. It is the lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks.
3. It is a vertical or near-vertical rock face of substantial height.
4. It is the lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks.
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Bluff, also called a Cliff, is a vertical or near-vertical rock face of substantial height. They are common on coasts and mountainous regions.
Q257: Which among the following pairs of slope landforms is/are correctly matched?
1. Cliff – A vertical or near vertical rock face of substantial height.
2. Col – Land between two converging, or confluent rivers.
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 & 2
4. Neither 1 & 2
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Col is the lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks. It is not related to land between two converging or confluent rivers.
Q258: Which among the following statements is correct about Doab?
1. It is a land between two converging or confluent rivers.
2. It is a small secluded hollow.
3. It is a small hill.
4. It is the lowest point on a mountain ridge between two peaks.
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Doab is a term used in South Asia for a land between two converging or confluent rivers. It is also called an Interfluve.
Q259: Which among the following pairs of slope landforms is/are correctly matched?
1. Cuesta – A hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other.
2. Rock shelter – A shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff.
3. Glen – A narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills.
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
1. Only 1
2. 1, 2 & 3
3. Only 1 & 2
4. Only 2 & 3
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Glen is a slope landform associated with a name for a valley commonly used in Ireland and Scotland. Defile is a narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills.
Q260: Which among the following statements is correct about Defile?
1. It is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs.
2. It is a land between two converging or confluent rivers.
3. It is a step-like landform.
4. It is a narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills.
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Defile is a type of a slope landform. It is a narrow pass or a gorge between mountains or hills.
Q261: Which among the following statements is correct about Strath?
1. It is a steep slope or cliff separating two relatively level regions.
2. It is a land between two converging or confluent rivers.
3. It is a step-like platform.
4. It is a large valley.
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Strath is a type of a slope landform. It is a type of a river valley which is wide and shallow.
Q262: Which among the following statements is correct about Escarpment?
1. It is a steep slope or cliff separating two relatively level regions.
2. It is a step-like platform.
3. It is a small hill.
4. It is a small secluded hollow.
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Escarpment, also called as Scarp, is a slope landform. It is a steep slope or a cliff separating two relatively level regions.
Q263: Which among the following statements is correct about Mesa?
1. It is a small hill.
2. It is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs.
3. It is a secluded hollow.
4. It is a narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills.
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Mesa is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. Mesa is exclusively used to refer to landforms built of flat lying strata.
