Despite evidence of urban planning and trade, no significant weapons have been found, suggesting a peaceful civilization.
Harappan seals depict animals like unicorns and rhinoceroses, which were not native to the region, hinting at a wide trade network.
Evidence of dentistry, surgery, and even the use of herbal medicine indicates a sophisticated understanding of healthcare.
The absence of grand palaces or temples raises questions about how the civilization was governed or who held power.
Sophisticated drainage and water storage systems suggest a high level of understanding of hydraulics and urban sanitation.
The purpose of the Great Bath and other similar structures remains unclear, with theories ranging from religious rituals to public bathing.
Unlike other ancient civilizations, the Harappans left no depictions of rulers, battles, or deities, making it challenging to decipher their beliefs.
The discovery of uniform weights and measures suggests a centralized authority overseeing trade and commerce.
Recent studies suggest that urban centers like Mohenjo-Daro might have declined due to a shift in river courses, leading to abandonment.
While the urban centers declined, aspects of Harappan culture, such as pottery styles and religious practices, persisted in rural areas for centuries.