12 Important Amendments In Indian Constitution

The First Amendment (1951) empowered the state to impose reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech and expression for the protection of interests such as public order and decency.

1

The Seventh Amendment (1956) reorganized states and union territories on a linguistic basis, significantly altering the Indian political map.

2

The Fifteenth Amendment (1963) introduced special provisions for the allocation of seats and reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in legislative bodies.

3

The Twenty-Fourth Amendment (1971) reinforced Parliament's power to amend any part of the Constitution, including fundamental rights, without being subject to judicial review on grounds of violating those rights.

4

The Forty-Second Amendment (1976) brought about sweeping changes, including the addition of new Directive Principles of State Policy and restrictions on the power of judicial review.

5

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The Forty-Fourth Amendment (1978) sought to rectify some of the excesses of the previous amendment by restoring certain limitations on the amending power of Parliament.

6

The Fifty-Second Amendment (1985) extended the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies.

7

The Seventy-Third Amendment (1992) facilitated the establishment of Panchayats and empowered them with the responsibility of local governance.

8

The Eighty-Fourth Amendment (2001) introduced a freeze on the delimitation of constituencies until the year 2026 to ensure adequate representation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

9

The Ninety-First Amendment (2003) allowed for the imposition of the education cess for financing educational initiatives.

10

The Ninety-Sixth Amendment (2011) aimed at securing constitutional status for the Right to Education, making elementary education a fundamental right for children aged 6 to 14 years.

11

The One Hundred and First Amendment (2016) introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST), bringing about a significant reform in the country's taxation system.

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