Considered the father of modern economics, known for his influential work, "The Wealth of Nations," advocating for free-market capitalism.
Pioneered Keynesian economics, emphasizing government intervention to manage economic cycles and reduce unemployment.
Nobel laureate and advocate of monetarism, emphasizing the role of the money supply in economic stability.
Co-author of "The Communist Manifesto" and author of "Das Kapital," Marx's ideas laid the foundation for modern socialism and communism.
Nobel laureate known for his work on welfare economics and development, focusing on poverty and social justice.
Key figure in the Austrian School of Economics, championing free-market principles and limited government intervention.
Nobel laureate and critic of globalization, known for his work on information asymmetry and development economics.
Influential post-Keynesian economist, known for her contributions to microeconomics and imperfect competition.
Nobel laureate and New York Times columnist, recognized for his work on international trade and economic geography.
Conservative economist and social theorist, known for his writings on race, culture, and free-market economics.
Nobel laureate and development economist, co-founder of randomized controlled trials in economics to study poverty alleviation.
Economist focused on development issues, renowned for his work on property rights and informality in developing economies.