1. Which of the following acts of British India strengthened the Viceroy’s authority over his executive councils by substituting the “portfolio” or departmental system for Corporate Functioning?
- Indian Councils Act 1861
- Government of India Act 1858
- Indian Councils Act 1892
- Indian Councils Act 1909
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Answer: Indian Councils Act 1861
The Indian Councils Act of 1861 was a significant legislative development during British rule in India. It introduced the concept of a cabinet-like executive council, functioning on the portfolio system. This change allowed council members to manage specific government departments, similar to the modern cabinet system. It was a step toward introducing a more representative form of governance.
2. Which act required the title of the Governor-General of India in Council to be changed as the Governor-General of India?
- Charter Act of 1833
- Government of India Act 1858
- Indian Councils Act 1909
- Charter Act of 1813
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Answer: Government of India Act 1858
The Government of India Act 1858 marked a major turning point in India’s colonial history. It abolished the rule of the East India Company and transferred the authority and control over India to the British Crown. It also replaced the title “Governor-General of India in Council” with “Governor-General of India,” signifying the direct rule of the British Crown over India. This act established the Secretary of State for India and a 15-member India Council in London to assist in governing India.
3. Which among the following acts had a separate preamble?
- Government of India Act 1919
- Indian Councils Act 1909
- Indian Councils Act 1904
- Indian Councils Act 1892
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Answer: Government of India Act 1919
The Government of India Act 1919 introduced significant reforms aimed at gradually introducing responsible government in India. It included a separate Preamble that outlined the objective of establishing responsible government and introduced the concept of dyarchy at the provincial level. Under dyarchy, certain subjects were to be administered by elected Indian ministers, while others remained under the control of British officials.
4. Consider the following features of the Government of India Act 1935:
- Provision for Federation of India
- Compulsory accession to Federation of India
- Partial Reorganization of provinces
Which among the above features hold correct?
- 1 only
- 1 & 2
- 2 & 3
- 1 & 3
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Answer: 1 & 2
The Government of India Act 1935 was another vital piece of legislation that aimed to provide a comprehensive framework for governing British India and the princely states. It proposed an All India Federation, combining British Indian territories and princely states, and made it obligatory for provinces to accede to this federation. However, it did not encompass a significant reorganization of provincial boundaries.
5. In the proposed federal polity of the Government of India Act 1935, how many members had to be elected on a communal basis for the Upper House of the bicameral legislature at the center?
- 156
- 150
- 104
- 125
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Answer: 150
The upper house of the legislature established under the Government of India Act 1935 was known as the Council of States. It consisted of 260 members, with 156 representing the provinces and 104 representing the native states. Of the 156 provincial members, 150 were to be elected on a communal basis, reflecting the diverse communities and interests in British India.
6. Which among the following was the first attempt to regulate the affairs of the English East India Company in India?
- Regulating Act 1773
- Charter Act of 1833
- The Regulating Act of 1784
- Charter Act of 1813
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Answer: Regulating Act 1773
The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first significant attempt by the British Parliament to regulate the affairs of the East India Company in India. It aimed to address issues related to the governance and administration of British India, including matters like revenue collection and judicial matters.
7. Which of the following acts created the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William?
- The Regulating Act 1773
- Indian Councils Act 1861
- Dundas Bill of 1783
- Charter Act of 1833
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Answer: The Regulating Act 1773
The Regulating Act of 1773 also led to the establishment of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William, Calcutta. This marked the beginning of the formal judicial system in British India and established the court as the highest court of appeal for matters in Bengal.
8. The East India Company was deprived of the monopoly of trade with India except Tea Trade by which among the following acts?
- The Charter Act of 1813
- The Charter Act of 1833
- The Charter Act of 1853
- Government of India Act 1858
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Answer: The Charter Act of 1813
The Charter Act of 1813 played a crucial role in transforming the nature of trade and governance in India. It ended the East India Company’s monopoly over trade in India, except for the exclusive control of the tea trade. This act opened up Indian trade to other British companies and laid the groundwork for a more competitive trading environment.
9. By which among the following acts did the East India Company lose its monopoly of trade with China?
- The Charter Act of 1813
- The Charter Act of 1833
- The Charter Act of 1853
- Government of India Act 1858
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Answer: The Charter Act of 1833
The Charter Act of 1833 was significant in terminating the East India Company’s monopoly over trade with China. It marked a shift in British India’s trading policies, allowing for more open and competitive trade practices.
10. Introduction of provincial autonomy is related to which of the following acts?
- The Government of India Act, 1858
- The Government of India Act, 1909
- The Government of India Act, 1919
- The Government of India Act, 1935
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Answer: Brij
Prithviraj
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