Q1: What are the lines drawn on the maps joining places experiencing an earthquake at the same time called?
1. Isoseismal lines
2. Homoseismal lines
3. Thermohaline lines
4. Isohaline lines
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Homoseismal lines are the lines drawn on the maps joining places experiencing an earthquake at the same time. They are also called coseismal lines.
Q2: Which earthquake waves move with a push-pull motion?
1. Primary waves
2. Secondary waves
3. Love waves
4. Raleigh waves
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Primary waves, also called the P waves, are the first to arrive. They move with a push-pull motion.
Q3: Moraines are the deposits of which among the following kinds?
1. Tidal Deposits
2. Glacial Deposits
3. Wind Deposits
4. None of Them
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Answer: 2
Explanation: Moraine is the name for raw glacial debris. They are the rocks that are loosened and carried by glacial ice, then deposited where the ice melts. So Moraine is a type of glacial deposit.
Q4: Mushroom rocks, also called Rock pedestals, are one of the most striking manifestations of which of the following processes?
1. Water Erosion
2. Wind Erosion
3. Gravity Erosion
4. None of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Mushroom rocks, also called Rock pedestals, are one of the most striking manifestations of wind erosion. The term wind erosion refers to the damage of land as a result of wind removing soil from an area.
Q5: Pebble transport by rivers, sand drift over desert surfaces, soil blowing over fields are examples of which of the following phenomena?
1. Deposition
2. Saltation
3. Attrition
4. Weathering
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Pebble transport by rivers, sand drift over desert surfaces, soil blowing over fields are examples of saltation. Saltation is a type of particle transport by fluids such as wind or water.
Q6: When some forces cause two rock surfaces to come together, causing mechanical wearing or grinding of their surfaces, what is it called?
1. Abrasion
2. Erosion
3. Insolation
4. Isolation
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Abrasion is the process of scraping or wearing something away. The forces causing two rock surfaces to come together causing mechanical wearing or grinding is called abrasion.
Q7: Which among the following statements is/are correct?
1. Mechanical weathering is more pronounced in humid areas.
2. Chemical weathering is more pronounced in arid and cold regions.
3. Both A and B
4. Neither A nor B
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Mechanical weathering is more pronounced in arid and cold regions, whereas Chemical weathering is a characteristic feature of humid regions.
Q8: What is the movement of material downslope under the influence of gravity called?
1. Weathering
2. Erosion
3. Mass Wasting
4. Earthquake
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Mass wasting combines the elements of both weathering and erosion and is the movement of material downslope under the influence of gravity.
Q9: Which among the following processes result in the lowering of the landscape?
1. Erosion
2. Mass wasting
3. Weathering
4. All of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Weathering, Erosion, and mass wasting all lead to denudation of the landforms. They all result in the lowering of the landscape over millions of years.
Q10: What is the process where curved layers peel off the bedrock?
1. Frost Wedging
2. Salt Wedging
3. Temperature change
4. Exfoliation
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: The process of exfoliation is a type of mechanical weathering where the peeling off the layers of the rocks leads to disintegration of the rock material.
Q11: What is the process where water permeates through the cracks in the rocks then freezes and then melts?
1. Frost wedging
2. Salt wedging
3. Temperature change
4. Exfoliation
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Frost wedging is a type of mechanical weathering where the disintegration of the rock is due to the freeze/thaw action of the water. In this, water permeates through the cracks/fissures in the rocks then freezes and then melts.
Q12: Which among the following is not a characteristic feature of Chemical Weathering?
1. It requires more moisture
2. Occurs more in arid and cold regions
3. Decomposition of rocks by alteration of mineral composition
4. Requires oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide.
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Features of Chemical weathering:
Decomposition of rocks by alteration of mineral composition.
Chemical weathering requires more moisture.
Chemical weathering is more pronounced in humid regions.
Requires oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide.
Q13: What is decomposition of a chemical compound by reaction with water called?
1. Oxidation
2. Hydrolysis
3. Erosion
4. Carbonation
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Hydrolysis is the process of decomposition of a chemical compound by reaction with water. Igneous rocks are more susceptible to hydrolysis. It increases the volume of rocks and leads to disintegration.
Q14: Which among the following statements is/are not correct about weathering and climate?
1. Weathering is enhanced with climate.
2. Low temperature and high rainfall enhance weathering.
3. Both A and B
4. Neither A nor B
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Weathering is enhanced by climate. Weathering is enhanced with high temperature and high rainfall.
Q15: Which among the following is the slowest downhill movement?
1. Fall
2. Slide
3. Flow
4. Creep
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Creep is the slowest and the least perceptible gradual downhill movement. The steeper the slope, the faster the creep.
Q16: What are the loose, broken rock layers resulting from weathering called?
1. Pebbles
2. Ash
3. Regolith
4. Sand
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Regolith is the loose and broken rock layers resulting from weathering. Regolith covers most of the earth.
Q17: Through which among the following does biological weathering take place?
1. Animal burrowing
2. Human intervention
3. Plant roots
4. All of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Biological weathering involves breaking down the rocks through animal burrowing, human intervention, and plant roots.
Q18: Mass wasting is the downslope movement of rock and soil under the direct influence of which among the following forces?
1. Erosion
2. Gravity
3. Weathering
4. Water
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Gravity alone is the force having a direct influence in Mass wasting (downslope movement of rock and soil).
Q19: Which among the following factors trigger a mass wasting episode?
1. Water
2. Steep Slope
3. Removal of vegetation
4. All of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Following factors trigger a mass wasting episode allowing gravity to move the mass downward:
Water
Steep slope
Removal of vegetation
Earthquakes
Q20: Which among the following statements about mass wasting is/are correct?
1. Removal of vegetation aids mass wasting
2. Steeper slope aids mass wasting
3. Both A and B
4. Neither A nor B
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Steeper slopes exceed the angle of repose, thus fastening the process of mass wasting. Where vegetation and soil are removed, downslope movements occur frequently.
Q21: What are debris flows composed largely of volcanic material from the flanks called?
1. Loo
2. Lahars
3. Maestro
4. Chinook
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Lahars are debris flows composed largely of volcanic material from the flanks. These are water-saturated and are extremely destructive events.
Q22: Which among the following places is frost wedging common?
1. Equator
2. Mountains
3. Middle latitudes
4. Mountains & Middle latitudes
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Frost wedging is a type of mechanical weathering process which is common on mountains and middle latitudes.
Q23: Which among the following rocks is highly resistant to weathering?
1. Feldspar
2. Granite
3. Iron
4. Quartz
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Quartz chemically weathers very, very slowly due to its high stability. It, therefore, remains unchanged.
Q24: On which of the following does the rate of soil erosion depend?
1. Climate
2. Slope
3. Type of Vegetation
4. All of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Soil erosion is a natural part of matter recycling. The rate of soil erosion depends on climate, slope, type of vegetation, characteristics of soil, etc.
Q25: Which among the following is described here: A block of material suddenly moves down along a flat inclined surface.
1. Landslide
2. Slump
3. Mudflow
4. Earthflow
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Landslides are when a block of material suddenly moves down along a flat inclined surface.
Q26: Which among the following statements is/are correct about mass wasting?
1. Earthflow – Contain a high amount of water, occur quickly, and occur in mountainous areas.
2. Mudflow – Move relatively slowly and form a tongue-shaped mass.
3. Both A and B
4. Neither A nor B
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Earthflow moves relatively slowly and forms a tongue-shaped mass. Mudflow contains a high amount of water, occurs quickly, and occurs in mountainous areas.
Q27: Which among the following statements is/are correct about the Angle of Repose?
1. It is dependent upon the internal coherence of a material.
2. Softer, looser material has a higher angle of repose.
3. Rocks and compressed sediments have a lower angle of repose.
Choose the right option:
1. 1 and 2
2. 2 and 3
3. Only 1
4. 1 and 3
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: The angle of repose is the steepest angle that can be assumed by loose fragments on a slope without downslope movement. It is dependent upon the internal coherence of the material. Softer, looser material has a higher angle of repose. Rocks and compressed sediments have very high angles of repose.
Q28: Which among the given processes of weathering is common in iron-rich rocks?
1. Oxidation
2. Hydrolysis
3. Solution
4. Carbonation
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Oxidation, as a process of weathering, is common in iron-rich rocks.
Q29: What are the pieces of rocks at the bottom of a rock fall called?
1. Lahars
2. Talus
3. Loo
4. Chinook
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Talus or scree slope are the pieces of rocks at the bottom of a rock fall.
Q30: Which among the following statements is/are correct about the Angle of Repose?
1. It is dependent upon the internal coherence of a material.
2. Softer, looser material has a higher angle of repose.
3. Rocks and compressed sediments have a lower angle of repose.
4. All of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: The angle of repose is the maximum angle at which slope material can be inclined without moving downslope. If the actual slope angle is less than the angle of repose, the slope is stable. If the actual slope angle is greater than the angle of repose, mass movement can occur.
Q31: Which among the following is/are agents of erosion and deposition?
1. Running water
2. Stream landscapes
3. Glaciers
4. Waves and currents
5. Winds.
Choose the right option:
1. Only 1, 3 & 5
2. Only 1, 3, 4 & 5
3. 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
4. Only 1
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Erosion is the process through which the surface of the earth gets worn out. The following are the agents of erosion and deposition: Running water, Stream landscapes, Glaciers, Waves and currents, and Winds.
Q32: Which among the following is/are correctly defined?
1. Deposition is the process by which weathered and eroded materials are laid down at a location that is different from their source.
2. Erosion is the physical removal and transportation of weathered material by water, wind, ice, or gravity.
3. Weathering is the physical disintegration or chemical alteration of rocks at or near the Earth’s surface.
4. All of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Weathering, erosion, mass-wasting, and depositional processes occur at or near the Earth’s surface and produce changes to the landscape that influence surface and subsurface topography and landform development. Weathering is the physical disintegration or chemical alteration of rocks at or near the Earth’s surface. Erosion is the physical removal and transportation of weathered material by water, wind, ice, or gravity. Deposition is the process by which weathered and eroded materials are laid down at a location that is different from their source.
Q33: Which among the following is not a type of biological weathering?
1. Organic activity by Lichen and algae
2. Oxidation
3. Burrowing by animals
4. Plant roots
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Biological weathering is the disintegration or decay of rocks and minerals caused by chemical or physical agents of organisms. It includes organic activity from lichen and algae, rock disintegration by plant or root growth, burrowing and tunnelling organisms, and acid secretion. Oxidation is a type of chemical weathering of rocks.
Q34: Which type of rocks is/are commonly affected by hydrolysis?
1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary
3. Metamorphic
4. Both 2 & 3
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction between H+ and OH- ions in water and the minerals in the rock. Hydrolysis commonly affects igneous rocks as they are composed of silicate minerals, such as quartz and feldspar, which readily combine with water.
Q35: The change of colour of a rock to a rusty reddish-orange appearance is due to which of the following processes?
1. Solution
2. Carbonation
3. Oxidation
4. Hydrolysis
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Oxidation occurs when oxygen and water react with iron-rich minerals. Due to this process, minerals in the rock will change colours, taking on a rusty, reddish-orange appearance.
Q36: What is a type of a landslide in which slipping of several units of rock debris occurs with a backward rotation with respect to the slope over which the movement takes place?
1. Rock slide
2. Slump
3. Debris slide
4. Mudflow
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Slump is a type of a landslide in which slipping of several units of rock debris occurs with a backward rotation with respect to the slope over which the movement takes place.
Q37: Which among the following is not an exogenic process?
1. Earthquakes
2. Mass wasting
3. Deposition
4. Erosion
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Processes which take place on the surface of the Earth are called exogenic processes. Weathering, mass wasting, erosion, and deposition are exogenic processes, but earthquakes are not considered exogenic processes as they are caused by tectonic forces beneath the Earth’s surface.
Q38: What does the ‘denude’ in the term denudation mean?
1. To flow
2. To run
3. To erode
4. To strip off
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: All the exogenic forces are covered under the term Denudation. The word ‘denude’ means to strip off or to uncover.
