Art and Architecture of India (600-1000 AD) in India witnessed a remarkable confluence of diverse artistic and architectural styles, reflecting the rich cultural tapestry of the subcontinent. This epoch marked the ascendancy of several influential dynasties, each contributing distinct elements to the artistic landscape. From the intricate cave temples of Ajanta to the grand structural marvels like the Shore Temple in Mahabalipuram, this era encapsulates the synthesis of indigenous styles and foreign influences. The interplay of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain themes is evident in the sculptural and architectural masterpieces that stand testament to the cultural dynamism of the time.
MCQs with Answers and Explanations:
1. At which of the following places were Jain and Brahmanical (Saiva and Vaishnava) temples erected in the typical Aryavarta style during medieval India?
- Mathura
- Ujjain
- Kashi
- Khajuraho
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Correct Answer: Khajuraho
During the period from 600 A.D. to 1000 A.D., Hindu monarchs in India competed with each other to build magnificent temples. They sought to outdo one another in the grandeur and number of temples they constructed. This era witnessed the construction of numerous temples, reflecting the patronage and dedication of Hindu rulers to their respective deities. In Khajuraho, for example, both Jain and Brahmanical temples, dedicated to deities like Shiva and Vishnu, were built in the typical North Indian Aryavarta architectural style, featuring intricate carvings and intricate designs.
2. At which of the following places were 16 Brahmanical and Jain temples found belonging to the medieval period?
- Jaipur
- Mount Abu
- Jodhpur
- Ajmer
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Correct Answer: Jodhpur
The small village of Osia, located near Jodhpur, is known for its remarkable collection of sixteen Brahmanical and Jain temples. Among these temples, eleven are situated on the outskirts of the village, while the remaining are perched on a hill to the east of the village. These temples are fine examples of architectural and sculptural excellence in Rajasthan during the early medieval period.
3. During which period was the beautiful temple of Surya at Modhera in the former Baroda state constructed?
- 9th century
- 10th century
- 11th century
- 12th century
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Correct Answer: 11th century
The Sun temple at Modhera, constructed in the 11th century, is a significant architectural and cultural site. Similar to other famous Sun temples like Martand in Kashmir and Konarak in Orissa, the Modhera Sun temple boasts impressive structural and artistic features. However, like many ancient monuments, it has also suffered from vandalism over the years.
4. In which century was the Muktesvara temple of Orissa built?
- 6th century AD
- 8th century AD
- 9th century AD
- 10th century AD
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Correct Answer: 10th century AD
The Muktesvara temple, located in Orissa, is believed to have been built in the mid-10th century AD. It is considered a masterpiece of Orissan architecture. The temple exhibits a harmonious and elegant design, with various architectural elements finely balanced and meticulously arranged.
5. At which of the following places did Avantivarman build his new capital?
- Avantipur
- Ujjain
- Srinagar
- Mathura
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Correct Answer: Avantipur
Avantivarman, the founder of the Utpala dynasty, ruled Kashmir from 855 C.E. to 883 C.E. and built the famous Avantiswami Temple. He established his new capital at Avantipur, which is located 18 miles from Srinagar.
6. Which of the following temples is considered to be the earliest temple of Bhubaneswar?
- Mukteshwara temple
- Parasuramesvara temple
- Lingraj Temple
- Brahmeshwar Temple
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Correct Answer: Mukteshwara temple
From the 7th century AD to the 13th century AD, Bhubaneswar, in Orissa, witnessed extensive temple construction. The Parasuramesvara temple, constructed around 750 AD, is considered one of the earliest temples in Bhubaneswar. The city is renowned for its architectural heritage and remains a hub of temple architecture in India.
7. Which of the following authors wrote Kadambarikathasara?
- Abhinanda
- Jinasena
- Rajanaka Ratnakar
- Sanmitracharita
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Correct Answer: Abhinanda
Abhinanda, the son of Jayantabhatta and a Sanskrit scholar and poet, wrote the famous Kadambarikathasara in the 9th century AD.
8. Which of the following authors wrote Navasahasankacharita?
- Padmagupta
- Jinasena
- Sanmitracharita
- Abhinanda
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Correct Answer: Abhinanda
Abhinanda was the author of Navasahasankacharita. He was a Sanskrit poet and the court poet of Paramara king Shankaravarma of Mahodayapura.
9. Which of the following authors wrote Alarnkarasarasamgraha?
- Anandavardhana
- Udbhat
- Ahinavagupta
- Rudrata
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Correct Answer: Udbhat
Udbhat, an important writer on Sanskrit meters, wrote Alarnkarasarasamgraha. He flourished in the second half of the 8th century AD.
10. Which of the following is the author of the play Chudamani?
- Bhavabhuti
- Saktibhadra
- Murari
- Hastimalla
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Correct Answer: Saktibhadra
Saktibhadra, a classical Sanskrit writer from ancient Kerala, wrote the play Chudamani. It is the first Sanskrit drama from South India.
Art and Architecture of India (600-1000 AD) Notes for UPSC Exam
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