11. Who among the following was the author of the Abhidhamma treatise Kathavatthu?
- Mahakassapa
- Mahinda
- Milinda
- Moggaliputta Tissa
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Correct Answer: Moggaliputta Tissa
Moggaliputta Tissa, a Buddhist monk and scholar who lived in the 3rd century BC, was the author of the Abhidhamma treatise Kathavatthu. He was the spiritual teacher of Emperor Ashoka and his son Mahinda, who introduced Buddhism to Sri Lanka. Moggaliputta Tissa also presided over the Third Buddhist Council.
12. Which among the following is not one of the Ashtamahasthanas?
- Lumbini
- Rajgir
- Vajrayana
- Taxila
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Correct Answer: Vajrayana
The Ashtamahasthanas are indeed eight sacred places associated with significant events in the life of Gautama Buddha. They include Lumbini (birthplace), Bodh Gaya (enlightenment), Sarnath (first sermon), and Kusinagar (death). The other four holy places are Sravasti, Rajgir, Vaishali, and Taxila.
13. In which Buddhist council was Buddhism divided into Sthaviravadins and Mahasanghikas?
- Second Buddhist Council
- Third Buddhist Council
- First Buddhist Council
- Fourth Buddhist Council
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Correct Answer: Second Buddhist Council
The division of Buddhism into Sthaviravadins and Mahasanghikas occurred during the Second Buddhist Council, which took place in the 4th century BCE. The council was convened due to disagreements within the monastic community, leading to the emergence of these two early Buddhist sects.
14. During whose reign was the Third Buddhist Council organized?
- Ashoka
- Kalasoka
- Ajatasatru
- Kanishka
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Correct Answer: Ashoka
The Third Buddhist Council took place at Patliputra during the reign of Emperor Ashoka. It was convened under the leadership of Moggliputra Tissa with the aim of revising the scriptures.
15. Which mudra (gesture) represents Buddha as depicted in his first sermon?
- Abhaya Mudra
- Dhyana Mudra
- Dharmachakra Mudra
- Bhumisparsa Mudra
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Correct Answer: Dharmachakra Mudra
The Dharmachakra Mudra is a hand gesture that represents Buddha as a teacher, setting the wheel of Dharma in motion. It symbolizes the first sermon delivered by Buddha at the deer park in Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, after his enlightenment.
16. At which place was the Dharma-Chakra Jina Vihara constructed by Gahadavala Queen Kumaradevi?
- Bodh Gaya
- Rajgir
- Kushinagar
- Sarnath
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Correct Answer: Sarnath
The Dharma-Chakra Jina Vihara, located in Sarnath, was constructed by Gahadavala Queen Kumaradevi and is associated with the place where Buddha delivered his first sermon. It stands as a significant Buddhist religious site.
17. “Revere all the Buddhas, revere the dharma, revere the sangha.” Which among the following quotes this?
- Allahabad Pillar Inscription
- Ashoka Edict XII
- Ashoka Edict X
- Mathura Lion capital
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Correct Answer: Mathura Lion capital
The quote “Revere all the Buddhas, revere the dharma, revere the sangha” is indeed inscribed on the Mathura Lion Capital, which is a famous sculpture from ancient India. It reflects the reverence for Buddha, his teachings (dharma), and the monastic community (sangha) in Buddhist tradition.
18. Buddhacharita, the epic biography of Gautama Buddha in Sanskrit was written by:
- Asvaghosa
- Indrabhuti
- Asanga
- Bodhisena
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Correct Answer: Asvaghosa
The Buddha Charita is a renowned Sanskrit epic poem written by the poet Ashvaghosa in the first century C.E. It narrates the life of Shakyamuni Buddha, including his early life and the events leading up to his enlightenment. The text is significant in Buddhist literature.
19. Buddhism from India was introduced to which current region by Kasyapa Matanga?
- China
- South East Asia
- Sri Lanka
- Africa
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Correct Answer: China
Kasyapa Matanga is traditionally believed to be one of the early Indian monks who introduced Buddhism to China in 67 C.E. during the Later Han dynasty. His arrival, along with another Indian monk named Chu Falan, marks an important historical connection between India and China in the context of Buddhism.
20. Sarnath is related to which among the following events in the life of Buddha?
- First Sermon
- Last Sermon
- Mahaparinirvana
- Dhammacakkappavattana
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Correct Answer: First Sermon
Sarnath, the deer park, is where Gautama Buddha delivered his first teaching, known as the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, after attaining enlightenment. It is also the place where the Buddhist Sangha came into existence through the enlightenment of Kondanna. Both the first sermon and the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta are associated with Sarnath.
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