1. Which of the following groups of plants is known as Magnoliophyta?
- Algae
- Bryophyte
- Angiosperms
- Gymnosperms
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Answer: Angiosperms
Angiosperms, commonly referred to as Magnoliophyta, are vascular plants characterized by the presence of stems, roots, and leaves. What sets them apart is their reproductive structures – flowers – and the formation of seeds within fruits.
2. A plant belonging to which of the following groups would show least adaptation to marine water?
- Angiosperms
- Bryophytes
- Pteridophytes
- Gymnosperms
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Answer: Bryophytes
Bryophytes, including mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, exhibit the least adaptation to marine water among the given options. As non-vascular plants, bryophytes lack specialized vascular tissues like xylem and phloem found in angiosperms, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms. Vascular tissues are crucial for efficient water and nutrient transport, contributing significantly to the adaptation of plants to diverse environments, including those in marine habitats. Thus, the absence of these vascular tissues limits bryophytes’ adaptation to marine conditions.
3. Which of the following plant groups requires both land and water to complete its life cycle?
- Bryophyta
- Thallophyta
- Pteridophyta
- Tracheophyta
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Answer: Bryophyta
Bryophyta, as a plant group, encompasses mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, forming an informal division of non-vascular plants. Their life cycle requires both land and water, with adaptations suited to moist terrestrial habitats.
4. Which one of the following plants has seeds but no flowers and fruits?
- Mosses
- Pteridophytes
- Bryophytes
- Gymnosperms
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Answer: Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms constitute a seed-producing plant group that includes conifers, cycads, ginkgo, and gnetophytes, collectively forming the clade gymnosperms. The living members are often referred to as acrogynosperms, emphasizing their unique reproductive structures.
5. Which of the following are the most primitive vascular plants?
- Kelps
- Ferns
- Mosses
- Cycads
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Answer: Mosses
Among the options provided, mosses are the most primitive vascular plants. Mosses belong to the bryophyte group, which includes non-vascular plants. While mosses are vascular, they represent an early stage in the evolution of vascular plants. They lack true roots, stems, and leaves as seen in more advanced vascular plants like ferns, cycads, and kelps.
Ferns, cycads, and kelps are more advanced in terms of vascular plant evolution compared to mosses. Ferns, for instance, have true leaves and roots and reproduce through spores. Cycads are gymnosperms with seeds, and kelps are large brown algae found in marine environments.
In summary, mosses are considered more primitive among the options provided, representing an early stage in the evolution of vascular plants.
6. Which plant has spores and embryos but does not have vascular tissue and seeds?
- Pteridophyta
- Phaeophyta
- Rhodophyta
- Bryophyta
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Answer: Bryophyta
Bryophytes represent a proposed taxonomic division encompassing liverworts, hornworts, and mosses, which are non-vascular land plants. Characterized by their limited size, these plants thrive in moist habitats but can adapt to survive in dry environments.
7. Which is not an exception in angiosperms?
- Presence of vessels
- Autotrophic nutrition
- Double fertilisation
- Secondary growth
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Answer: Autotrophic nutrition
Autotrophic nutrition is a common trait among angiosperms, dispelling any exception to this mode of self-sustenance. Angiosperms, or flowering plants, employ photosynthesis to produce their own food, contributing to their ecological success.
8. How do pteridophytes differ from mosses?
- Flagellate antherozoids
- Independent and dominant sporophyte
- Independent gametophyte
- Dependent gametophyte
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Answer: Flagellate antherozoids
Comparing pteridophytes and mosses reveals distinct characteristics. Mosses, featuring flagellated antherozoids and an independent gametophyte, emphasize the dominance of the gametophyte stage. In contrast, pteridophytes, including ferns, share flagellated antherozoids but have a dominant, independent sporophyte stage, distinguishing them from mosses.
9. Why are angiosperms the main plant?
- Self-pollination property
- Property of producing a large number of seeds
- Domestication by man
- Power of adapting in diverse habitats
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Answer: Power of adapting in diverse habitats
Angiosperms, the largest and most diverse group within the Plantae kingdom, are characterized by their production of flowers and the containment of seeds within fruits. With around 300,000 species, angiosperms showcase the pinnacle of diversity within the plant kingdom.
10. Which of the following is a plant without seed vascular tissue?
- Bryophytes
- Gymnosperms
- Angiosperm
- Pteridophytes
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Answer: Bryophytes
Among the options provided, the plant group without seed vascular tissue is Bryophytes. Bryophytes, which include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, lack true vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) and do not produce seeds. They reproduce via spores and are considered non-vascular plants. In contrast, gymnosperms, angiosperms, and pteridophytes all possess vascular tissues and can produce seeds as part of their reproductive cycle.
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