Understanding the Environment Related Laws in India is crucial for safeguarding our natural heritage and ensuring sustainable development. This article, titled Environment Related Laws in India GK MCQs With Answer & Explanation in English, offers a comprehensive set of multiple-choice questions designed to enhance your knowledge of India’s key environmental laws, policies, and regulations.
With detailed answers and explanations, this resource is ideal for students, competitive exam aspirants, and anyone interested in environmental conservation and legal frameworks. Dive in to test your understanding and expand your awareness of this essential topic!
1. When was the Ganga Action Plan started?
- 1952
- 1986
- 1963
- 1972
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Answer: 1986
The Ganga Action Plan was initiated in 1986 with the primary objective of pollution abatement in the Ganges River, one of India’s most sacred and important rivers. The plan aimed to reduce the pollution load in the Ganges by implementing various projects related to sewage treatment, industrial effluent control, and the promotion of environmentally friendly practices along the river’s banks. This initiative was crucial in addressing the severe pollution issues affecting the Ganges.
2. The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was held at which of the following places?
- London
- Stockholm
- Montreal
- Los Angeles
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Answer: Stockholm
The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was held in Stockholm, Sweden, from June 5 to 16 in 1972. This landmark conference marked the first global gathering focused on environmental issues. It led to the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which serves as the leading global authority on environmental matters and coordinates international efforts to address environmental challenges.
3. Which of the following is empowered to designate air pollution areas and to prescribe the type of fuel to be used in these designated areas under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981?
- Central government
- State government
- Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
- None of the above
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Answer: State government
Under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, state governments in India have the authority to designate areas as air pollution control areas. They can also prescribe the type of fuel to be used in these designated areas to control and mitigate air pollution. This empowers state governments to take region-specific measures to combat air pollution based on local needs and conditions.
4. Which of the following are the objectives of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
1. It aims to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution.
2. It establishes central and State Boards in order to implement the Act.
3. The Act aims to confer on the Boards the powers to implement the provisions of the Act.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
- Only 1 & 2
- Only 2 & 3
- Only 1 & 3
- 1, 2 & 3
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Answer: 1, 2 & 3
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, is a significant environmental legislation in India aimed at preventing, controlling, and mitigating air pollution. It establishes central and state pollution control boards responsible for implementing the provisions of the Act. These boards have the authority to regulate and monitor air quality, industrial emissions, and vehicular pollution to protect public health and the environment.
5. Which article of the Indian Constitution states that “It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and have compassion for living creatures”?
- Article 49
- Article 48A
- Article 51A
- Article 63
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Answer: Article 51A
Article 51A of the Indian Constitution places a duty on every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment, which includes forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife. This constitutional provision underscores the importance of environmental conservation and encourages citizens to take responsibility for environmental protection and preservation.
6. Which article of the Indian Constitution states that “The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country”?
- Article 48
- Article 48A
- Article 49
- Article 51A
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Answer: Article 48A
Article 48A of the Indian Constitution mandates that the State must make efforts to protect and improve the environment, safeguard forests, and conserve wildlife within the country. This constitutional directive places environmental conservation as a fundamental duty of the Indian State, emphasizing the importance of environmental protection in the country’s governance.
7. Which article of the Indian Constitution assures the citizens of India the right to a healthy environment?
- Article 20
- Article 21
- Article 22
- Article 23
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Answer: Article 21
Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees the protection of life and personal liberty, has been interpreted by the Indian judiciary to include the right to a healthy environment as an integral part of the right to life. This interpretation ensures that citizens have the right to live in a clean and healthy environment, and it empowers them to seek legal remedies in case their right to a healthy environment is violated.
8. When was the Department of Environment established in India?
- 1980
- 1982
- 1984
- 1986
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Answer: 1980
In 1980, the Department of Environment was established in India with the objective of ensuring a healthy environment for the country. This department later evolved into the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in 1985. The MoEF plays a central role in formulating and implementing environmental policies, laws, and regulations at the national level.
9. The Environment Protection Act of 1986 (EPA) came into force soon after which of the following events?
- Bombay Docks Explosion
- Chasnala Mining Disaster
- The Union Carbide Gas Tragedy
- Bhopal Gas Tragedy
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Answer: Bhopal Gas Tragedy
The Environment Protection Act of 1986 (EPA) came into force following the tragic Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1984, one of the world’s worst industrial disasters. The EPA is a comprehensive environmental legislation that addresses various aspects of environmental protection and management in India. It is often referred to as an umbrella legislation because it fills gaps in existing environmental laws and provides a legal framework for safeguarding the environment and public health.
10. In which year was the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981 extended to include noise pollution also?
- 1983
- 1985
- 1987
- None of the above
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Answer: 1987
In 1987, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981 was amended to include noise pollution within its purview. This significant amendment recognized noise pollution as a form of environmental pollution and provided legal mechanisms to control and mitigate it. Additionally, the 1987 amendment introduced a citizen’s suit provision, allowing concerned citizens to take legal action against polluters for violations of air pollution regulations. This provision empowers individuals and organizations to play an active role in enforcing air quality standards.
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