Q1: What is the radius of Earth?
1. 5300 km
2. 6370 km
3. 10000 km
4. 8330 km
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Approximate distance from Earth’s centre to its surface is known as Earth’s radius, which is 6,370 km.
Q2: One minute of arc of latitude along any meridian is also known as ___?
1. One Degree
2. One Mile
3. One Nautical Mile
4. One Mach
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: One Nautical Mile is the unit of length corresponding approximately to one minute of arc of latitude along any meridian. By international agreement, it is exactly 1,852 metres (approximately 6,076 feet).
Q3: How much of longitude accounts for one hour?
1. 10 degrees
2. 15 degrees
3. 20 degrees
4. 25 degrees
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: One hour is equal to 15 degrees. 360 degrees is equal to 24 hours, and when we divide 360 by 24, we get each hour equal to 15 degrees.
Q4: Medicine Line is another name for which among the following circles of latitude?
1. 17th Parallel North
2. 39th Parallel North
3. 49th Parallel North
4. 59th Parallel North
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: 49th parallel was nicknamed the Medicine Line because of its seemingly magical ability to prevent U.S. soldiers from crossing it during expeditions in the 1800s. The 49th parallel north crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.
Q5: What is the average density of Earth in g/cm3?
1. 5.515
2. 4.415
3. 4.515
4. 6.515
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbour life. Its density is 5.515 g/cm3.
Q6: Consider the following statements about Equinox:
1. Center of the Sun and Earth’s equator are in the same plane.
2. Occurs twice a year.
3. The length of the day & night is equal.
Which among the above statements is/are correct?
1. Only 1
2. 1 & 2
3. 2 & 3
4. 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: The equinox refers to the events when the Sun’s apparent position in the sky reaches its northernmost or southernmost extremes. The equinox happens twice a year, and the two equinoxes, together with the two solstices, are considered to start the four seasons.
Q7: What is the amount of Iron on Earth (percentage in total mass)?
1. 24.5%
2. 34.6%
3. 39.3%
4. 42.4%
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: The iron makes up about 34.6% of Earth’s mass and 5.2% of Earth’s crust. The other metals present are aluminium, silicon, etc. The abundant metal Iron is truly one of Earth’s essential building blocks.
Q8: On Summer Solstice, Sun’s rays fall perpendicular on which among the following circles?
1. Tropic of Capricorn
2. Equator
3. Tropic of Cancer
4. None of them
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: At the time of the northern solstice, the sun is perceived to be directly overhead the 23.44° north known as the Tropic of Cancer. Likewise, at the southern solstice, the same thing happens for latitude 23.44° south, known as the Tropic of Capricorn.
Q9: If Earth stops rotating, the impact on the weight of a body will be minimum on which among the following places?
1. Equator
2. North pole
3. Tropic of Cancer
4. Tropic of Capricorn
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: If the Earth stops rotating, then the impact of the weight of a body will be minimum at the Poles. The maximum weight will be at the Equator. If the Earth stops rotating, then there would be no centrifugal force whose direction is away from the core. Thus, the force due to gravity is not minimised at all, and this, in turn, increases an object’s weight at the Equator.
Q10: Which among the following dates would normally represent a Winter Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere?
1. December 26
2. January 14
3. December 21
4. January 24
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: The winter solstice is on December 21 in the Northern Hemisphere. The summer solstice is on June 21.
Q11: What is the name of Earth’s first supercontinent?
1. Pangea
2. Vaalbara
3. Gondwana
4. Columbia
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Pangea, also spelled Pangaea, in early geologic time, a supercontinent that incorporated almost all the landmasses on Earth.
Q12: On June 21, the Sun is vertically overhead the _____?
1. Tropic of Cancer
2. Tropic of Capricorn
3. Equator
4. None of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: In the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun is over the Tropic of Cancer on June 21. It is also known as the Summer Solstice. In the Southern Hemisphere, on the Tropic of Capricorn, that is the Winter Solstice which is usually December 21.
Q13: What is the distance between consecutive longitudes at poles?
1. 0 km
2. 10 km
3. 15 km
4. 20 km
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: The distance between two consecutive longitudes (91 degrees E and 92 degrees E) at the Poles is 0 km. The distance between two consecutive meridians of longitude is equal to 111 km only at the equator. The distance between two consecutive parallels of latitude is equal to about 111 km.
Q14: Which among the following is the average Orbital speed of the Earth around the Sun?
1. 18.5 km/sec
2. 29.7 km/s
3. 31.5 km/s
4. 33.6 km/s
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: The orbital speed of the Earth around the Sun averages about 30 km/s (108,000 km/h), which is fast enough to cover the planet’s diameter (about 12,700 km) in seven minutes and the distance to the Moon of 384,000 km in four hours.
Q15: Which line marks the boundary of the zone where the Sun never sets during June solstice and never rises during December Solstice?
1. Antarctic Circle
2. Arctic Circle
3. Tropic of Cancer
4. Tropic of Capricorn
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: The Arctic Circle is an imaginary line around the Arctic. It’s defined as the latitude above which the Sun does not set on the day of the summer solstice and never rises during the December Solstice. This is because the Arctic and Antarctic circle have sunlight for 6 months continuously.
Q16: On which of the following dates does Autumnal Equinox occur?
1. March 21
2. June 21
3. September 23
4. July 21
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: During the equinox, either summer or Autumnal equinox, the Sun is exactly above the Equator, and day and night are of equal length. It is either of the two points in the sky where the ecliptic (the Sun’s annual pathway) and the celestial equator intersect.
Q17: Sun shines exactly over the equator for how many times a year?
1. Once in a year
2. Twice in a year
3. Four times a year
4. 12 times in a year
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: The sunshines generally occur over the equator twice a year. During the summer equinox and autumn equinox.
Q18: What else is 180-degree longitude is also known as?
1. Arctic Circle
2. International Date Line
3. The Great Circle
4. Equator
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the Prime Meridian. It is known as the International Date Line. It is with which it forms a great circle dividing the earth into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. It is common to both east longitude and west longitude.
Q19: There was a single supercontinent called Gondwanaland in the Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic Era. India, along with which of the following, was included in this supercontinent?
1. Africa, South America, Australia
2. Africa, Australia
3. Australia only
4. Africa only
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: According to Alfred Wegener, the entire landmass of the globe was together about 280 million years ago. It was termed as Pangea, a supercontinent. The huge water body surrounding the Pangea was known as Panthalasa. From 280 to 150 million years ago, Pangea was broken latitudinally into northern and southern parts known as Laurasia (Angaraland) and Gondwanaland, respectively. Gondwana included Antarctica, South America, Africa, Madagascar, Australia-New Guinea, and New Zealand, as well as Arabia and the Indian subcontinent, which have now moved entirely into the Northern Hemisphere.
Q20: In which of the following situations does a Lunar eclipse occur?
1. Sun between Earth & Moon
2. Earth between Sun & Moon
3. Moon between Earth & Sun
4. None of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth’s shadow. This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are exactly or very closely aligned (in syzygy), with Earth between the other two. A lunar eclipse can occur only on the night of a full moon.
Q21: Horse latitudes are High-Pressure Subtropical Calm belts, which make an area that receives little precipitation and has variable winds mixed with calm. These latitudes lie between which of the following?
1. Between 20 and 25 degrees both north and south
2. Between 30 and 35 degrees both north and south
3. Between 25 and 30 degrees both north and south
4. Between 30 and 35 degrees north only
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: The horse latitudes are also known as the subtropical high-pressure belts. The tropical region has low-pressure winds, whereas the subtropics have a high-pressure winds system. It is between 30 and 35 degrees both south and north of the equator.
Q22: While going towards the centre of the earth, the weight of a body shall?
1. Increase
2. Decrease
3. Remain Constant
4. Become infinite
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: While going towards the centre of the earth, the weight of a body shall decrease. This is because the distance from the centre of the earth reduces.
Q23: What does a solstice represent?
1. Longest day of the year
2. Shortest Day of the year
3. Either longest or shortest day of the Year
4. Solar eclipse
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: A solstice represents either the longest or shortest day of the Year. The summer solstice is on June 21, and the winter solstice is on December 21.
Q24: Prime Meridian:
1. passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich
2. has a latitude of 180°
3. is otherwise known as the International Date Line.
Which among the above is/are correct?
1. Only 1 & 2
2. Only 2 & 3
3. Only 1
4. None of them
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: The Prime Meridian passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. A prime meridian is the meridian in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°. Together, a prime meridian and its anti-meridian form a great circle. This great circle divides a spheroid into two hemispheres.
Q25: Which of the following is/are correct features of the Equinox?
1. It occurs when the centre of Sun and Earth’s equator are in perpendicular position
2. It occurs twice a year
3. It is marked by equal length of day and night
Choose the correct option:
1. Only 1 and 2
2. Only 2 and 3
3. Only 1 and 3
4. All of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Equinox occurs when the centre of the Sun and Earth’s equator are in the same plane.
Q26: If the earth stops rotating, the impact on the weight of a body will be minimum on which among the following places?
1. Equator
2. North Pole
3. Tropic of Cancer
4. Tropic of Capricorn
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: The question is related to the centrifugal forces, which represent the effects of inertia that arise in connection with rotation and which are experienced as an outward force away from the centre of rotation. The impact of this force is maximum at the Equator and minimum at the Pole.
Q27: Seasons on Earth are caused due to ______?
1. Earth’s rotation
2. Earth’s axial tilt on its axis
3. Earth’s axial tilt and its rotation on its axis
4. Earth’s axial tilt and its revolution around the Sun
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: The fourth option is the correct answer. Earth’s axial tilt is around 23.44 degrees.
Q28: On which of the following dates is Australia likely to experience the shortest day of the year?
1. 21 June
2. 21 March
3. 22 September
4. 22 December
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: The June solstice is the Summer Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the Winter Solstice in the Southern Hemisphere. Similarly, the December Solstice or Summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere is on 21 December. Australia will experience the longest day on 22 December and the shortest day on 21 June.
Q29: Consider the following statements:
1. The Vernal Equinox in the Northern Hemisphere comes around December 21-22.
2. Earth is at aphelion in its orbital path on December 22.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
1. 1 Only
2. 2 Only
3. Both 1 & 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: The first statement is incorrect because the Vernal (spring) Equinox in the Northern Hemisphere comes around March 20-21. Earth is not at aphelion on December 22. Earth is at aphelion on 3rd or 4th July.
Q30: Consider the following statements:
1. The distance between the longitudes decreases towards poles.
2. The zero degrees meridian is also known as the International Date Line.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 & 2
4. None of them
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: The first statement is correct. The second statement is incorrect because the International Date Line is located on the 180° line of longitude in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The zero degrees meridian is called the Prime Meridian.
Q31: When one crosses 180 degrees longitude from east to west, then he/she:
1. Gains a day
2. Loses a day
3. Neither gains a day nor loses a day
4. May gain or lose a day depending upon the latitude at which one crosses
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: One loses a day when he/she crosses 180 degrees longitude from east to west and gains a day when crosses 180 degrees from west to east.
Q32: Consider the following statements:
1. The time difference between any two lines of longitude is eleven minutes.
2. Zero degrees longitude is known as the Greenwich Meridian line.
Choose the right option:
1. 1 Only
2. 2 Only
3. Both 1 & 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: The first statement is incorrect because the time difference between any two lines of longitude is four minutes. The second statement is correct.
Q33: Which of the following correctly describes the so-called harvest moon?
1. Full moon closest to the autumnal equinox
2. New moon closest to the vernal equinox
3. Full moon closest to the vernal equinox
4. New moon closest to the autumnal equinox
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: The harvest moon is a traditional term for the full moon occurring during autumn, in the northern hemisphere usually on September 22 or 23.
Q34: In the context of the Equator, consider the following statements:
1. The length of Day & Night are practically equal always.
2. Places on the Equator experience the quickest rates of sunrise and sunset in the world.
3. The Equator is the only line of latitude which is also a great circle.
Choose the right option
1. Only 1 & 2
2. Only 1 & 3
3. Only 2 & 3
4. 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Please note that the first statement is not correct. The Equator has a theoretical constant 12 hours of day and night throughout the year, though in practice, there are variations of a few minutes due to the effects of atmospheric refraction and because sunrise and sunset are measured from the time that the edge of the Sun’s disk is on the horizon, rather than the centre of the disk.
Q35: Which of the following is / are features of the Doldrums?
1. Weak horizontal movement of air
2. Low Pressure on the ground
3. Presence around the equator
4. Both 1 and 2
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: The equatorial area is a region of high temperature. Due to intense heating, the atmosphere heats up, expands, and becomes lighter. Hence, the air starts rising vertically, causing low pressure on the ground. The horizontal movement of wind in this belt is very feeble. It is, therefore, a calm belt, also known as the doldrums.
Q36: A difference between 2 longitudes at the equator is nearly equivalent to how many Km?
1. 101 km
2. 111 km
3. 91 km
4. 121 km
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: At the equator, the distance between two longitudes is 40075 km divided by 360, which is 111.32 km.
Q37: Which of the following is the reason due to which the weight of an object at the poles is greater than at the equator?
1. It is because of the shape of the earth.
2. The attraction of the moon is maximum at the earth’s surface.
3. The attraction of the sun is maximum at the earth’s surface.
4. Gravitational pull is more at the poles.
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: The weight of an object = mg. If g is less, then the weight is less. The value of ‘g’ is less at the equator because of the following two reasons: 1. The shape of the earth is not perfectly spherical. That’s why the radius at the equator is more. Thus, g is less at the equator. 2. The centrifugal force is opposite to g at the equator. Since forces are vectors and the resultant vector is minimum when the vectors are opposite to each other, g is minimum at the equator. If the earth rotated extremely fast, then the centrifugal force and g would have cancelled each other out at the equator. Earth is spinning with more angular velocity at the equator. It decreases as we move towards the poles. This increased angular velocity at the equator produces an outward centrifugal force, which decreases the effect of g. Hence the weight of an object is less at the equator while it is maximum at poles. As the distance of the pole is less than the distance of the equator from the center of the earth, the force of attraction is higher on the body at poles than at the equator. Hence the weight of a body is greater at pole than at the equator
Q38: If the difference in time of the two places is 2 hours and 20 minutes, then what would be the difference in their longitudes?
1. 30°
2. 35°
3. 40°
4. 45°
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: 1 degree means 24*60/360 = 4 minutes. So 1 degree of longitude means a difference of 4 minutes. So the difference in the longitudes of the two places = 140/4 = 35 degrees.
Q39: When it is noon along 82° 30′ E longitude, along what degree of longitude, it will be 6.30 am?
1. Along 165° E
2. Along 67° 30′ W
3. 0° E or W
4. Along 82° 30′ W
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: When it is noon along 82° 30′ longitude, along 0° E or W degree of longitude, it will be 6.30 am. The Earth has been divided into 24 time zones of one hour each. Each of these zones covers 15 degrees of longitude.
Q40: In India, which of the following longitudes is known as the standard Meridian?
1. 80° 30′ E
2. 86° 30′ E
3. 82° 30′ E
4. 84° 30′ E
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: In India, 82° 30′ E is known as the standard Meridian.
