1. Which part of the Indian Constitution includes the concept of welfare states?
- Preamble
- Fundamental rights
- Directive principles
- Fourth Schedule
Show Answer
Answer: Directive principles
The Directive Principles of State Policy, contained in Part IV (Articles 36 to 51) of the Constitution of India, are aimed at establishing social and economic democracy and justice through the framework of a welfare state. Unlike fundamental rights, which primarily impose negative injunctions on the state in certain matters, the Directive Principles provide positive injunctions and instructions to the state to actively work toward achieving the objectives of a welfare state.
2. What is correct regarding Directive Principles?
- Positive Injunctions
- Negative Injunctions
- Justifiable Injunctions
- None of the above
Show Answer
Answer: Positive Injunctions
While fundamental rights are in effect negative injunctions to the state in certain matters, Directive Principles are positive injunctions/instructions to the state to work for the attainment of the objective of a welfare state.
3. In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court propound the doctrine of harmonious construction?
- Kerala Education Bill (1957) Case
- Venkataraman v. State of Madras (1966) Case
- Golaknath & Ors vs State Of Punjab (1967) Case
- Kesavananda Bharati vs the State of Kerala (1973) Case
Show Answer
Answer: Kerala Education Bill (1957) Case
In Kerala Education Bill (1957), the Supreme Court said that in case of a conflict between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles, the principle of harmonious construction should be applied.
4. Which committee recommended to set up an “Equal Opportunity Commission”?
- Sarkaria Commission
- Sachar Committee
- Bhagawati Committee
- Chawla Committee
Show Answer
Answer: Chawla Committee
The Chawla Committee recommended the establishment of an Equal Opportunity Commission to address grievances of deprived groups and promote diversity in education, workplaces, and living spaces. Additionally, it proposed setting up a National Data Bank and an autonomous Assessment & Monitoring Authority to further these objectives.
5. Which article of the Indian Constitution says that directive principles are not enforceable by any court?
- Article 36
- Article 37
- Article 38
- Article 39
Show Answer
Answer: Article 37
Article 37 of the Constitution clarifies that Directive Principles are not enforceable by any court. However, it underscores their fundamental importance in the governance of the country and emphasizes that it is the duty of the state to apply them when making laws.
6. Who among the following said, “Directive Principles are just like ‘a cheque on a bank payable at the convenience of the bank'”?
- Jawahar Lal Nehru
- Bhim Rao Ambedkar
- Mr. R. K. Sidhwa
- Prof. K T Shah
Show Answer
Answer: Prof. K T Shah
Professor K.T. Shah, a member of the Constituent Assembly, criticized the Directive Principles by suggesting that they lacked real enforceability. This reflects a common debate about the effectiveness and enforceability of these principles in Indian governance.
7. Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding Directive Principles?
- DPSPs cannot be enforced automatically and require legislation for implementation.
- DPSPs are non-justiciable in nature
- DPSPs aim to enforce political democracy in the country.
- DPSPs have political and moral sanctions.
Show Answer
Answer: DPSPs aim to enforce political democracy in the country.
The Directive Principles of State Policy aim at establishing social and economic democracy in the country, complementing the system of political democracy ensured through Fundamental Rights. They form an extensive program for addressing economic, social, and political aspects of governance in a modern democratic state.
8. What is the purpose of the inclusion of Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution of India?
- To establish social and religious democracy.
- To establish political democracy.
- To establish social and economic democracy.
- To establish Gandhian democracy.
Show Answer
Answer: To establish social and economic democracy.
The Directive Principles of State serve the purpose of establishing social and economic democracy. They constitute a very elaborate economic, social, and political program for a modern democratic state.
9. Which articles constitute the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution?
- Article 12 to 35
- Article 36 to 51
- Article 35 to 51
- None of the above
Show Answer
Answer: Article 36 to 51
The Directive Principles of State Policy are enshrined in Part IV of the Constitution of India from Article 36 to 51. They represent the ideals that the State should keep in mind while formulating policies and enacting laws.
10. From which country’s Constitution have the Directive Principles of State Policy been adopted?
- Canada
- South Africa
- Australia
- Ireland
Show Answer
Answer: Ireland
The Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution of India have been borrowed from the Irish Constitution of 1937. Ireland, in turn, copied them from the Spanish constitution. They are covered from Article 36 to 51.
Q11: Who described the Directive Principles and the Fundamental Rights as the ‘Conscience of the Constitution’?
1. Granville Austin
2. B.R. Ambedkar
3. K.M. Munshi
4. Jawaharlal Nehru
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Granville Austin, a prominent scholar on the Indian Constitution, described the Directive Principles and the Fundamental Rights as the ‘Conscience of the Constitution.’ These principles encapsulate the values, philosophy, and aspirations of the Constitution and are considered its moral and ethical core.
Q12: Which article directs the State government to organize Village Panchayats?
1. Article 39
2. Article 48
3. Article 40
4. Article 47
Show Answer
cAnswer: 3
Explanation: Article 40 of the Directive Principles (Organization of village Panchayats) directs the State government to establish village Panchayats and empower them with the necessary authority for self-government. This article seeks to decentralize governance, promoting local self-administration and decision-making.
Q13: Which articles promote the idea of equal justice and providing free legal aid to the poor?
1. Article 38
2. Article 39
3. Article 39A
4. Article 41
Show Answer
Explanation: Article 39A of the Directive Principles (Promotion of equal justice and free legal aid) encourages the idea of equal justice and provides for free legal aid to the economically disadvantaged sections of society. This principle falls within the realm of socialist principles, aiming to ensure that all citizens have equal access to the legal system and justice.
Q14: Which of the following does not come under Fundamental Rights of the Constitution of India?
1. Right to Freedom of Religion
2. Right Against Exploitation
3. Equal Pay for Equal Work
4. Equality Before Law
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Equal Pay for Equal Work is a principle enshrined in the Indian Constitution under Article 39(d) in Part IV of the Directive Principles of State Policy. It instructs the State that there should be equal pay for equal work for both men and women. This provision promotes gender equality and aims to eliminate wage disparities based on gender.
Q15: Which article has the provision of participation of workers in the management of industries?
1. Article 45
2. Article 43A
3. Article 47
4. Article 43
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Article 43A of the Constitution of India deals with the participation of workers in the management of industries. It mandates that the State shall take appropriate steps to secure the participation of workers in the decision-making and management processes of industries. This principle aims to empower the labor force and ensure their involvement in key decisions that affect their livelihoods.
Q16: Which of the following is not a part of the Directive Principles of State Policy?
1. Environment-Protection
2. Free education of children up to the age of fourteen
3. Cow-Protection
4. Protection of consumption of Intoxicating drinks
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: The provision for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years was mentioned under Article 45 of the Directive Principles of State Policy, but in 2002 (86th Amendment), the above provision became a Fundamental Right under Article 21-A.
Q17: Which of the following is not a feature of the Directive Principles of State Policy?
1. They are justiciable in nature
2. They denote the ideals that the State should keep in mind while formulating policies
3. They resemble the ‘Instrument of Instructions’ enumerated in the Government of India Act of 1935
4. All of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: The Directive Principles of State Policy are non-justiciable in nature, that is, they are not legally enforceable by the courts for their violation. Therefore, the government (Central, state, and local) cannot be compelled to implement them.
Q18: What makes Directive Principles of State Policy different from Fundamental Rights?
1. Directive Principles are not enforceable whereas Fundamental Rights can be enforced
2. Former is for the Union and the latter is for state government
3. Former is part of the Constitution whereas the latter is not
4. None of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: Directive Principles of State Policy are non-justiciable in nature, whereas Fundamental Rights are enforceable under Article 32 and Article 226 of the Constitution of India. Both form a part of the Constitution of India.
Q19: Which of the following was not added to the Directive Principles by the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution?
1. Participation of workers in the management of industries
2. Equal justice and free legal aid to the poor
3. Uniform civil code
4. Protection of children and youth from exploitation
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Except for Uniform Civil Code, all others were added by the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution of India. Article 39A asks the State to promote equal justice and provide free legal aid to the poor. Preservation of the health and strength of workers and children against forcible abuse is covered in Article 39(f), and Article 43A secures the participation of workers in the management of industries.
Q20: Which Article of the Indian Constitution deals with the promotion of international peace and security?
1. Article 48A
2. Article 41
3. Article 43A
4. Article 51
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Article 51 of the Directive Principles of State Policy seeks to promote international peace and security and maintain just and honorable relations between nations. It fosters respect for international law and treaty obligations and encourages the settlement of international disputes through arbitration.
Q21: Which amendment is related to the formation of cooperative societies?
1. 97th Amendment Act of 2011
2. 42nd Amendment Act of 1976
3. 44th Amendment Act of 1978
4. 86th Amendment Act of 2002
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: The 97th Amendment Act of 2011 introduced changes to the Constitution of India to facilitate the formation and functioning of cooperative societies.
Q22: Which Article promotes the formation of village panchayats?
1. Article 39
2. Article 40
3. Article 41
4. Article 42
Show Answer
Answer: 2
Explanation: Article 40 of the Directive Principles of State Policy directs the government to organise village panchayats and endow them with necessary powers and authority to enable them to function as units of self-government.
Q23: Which article prohibits the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs?
1. Article 43B
2. Article 46
3. Article 47
4. Article 48
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Article 47 of the Directive Principles of the State Policy of the Indian Constitution prohibits the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs that are injurious to health. The State shall endeavour to raise the level of nutrition and health among people.
Q24: Which article endeavours to separate the judiciary from the executive?
1. Article 44
2. Article 49
3. Article 39
4. Article 50
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Article 50 of the Constitution of India, which is enshrined in the Directive Principles of State Policy, aims to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.
Q25: Which provisions in the Directive Principles of State Policy reflect the Gandhian Principles?
1. To promote equal justice and provide free legal aid to the poor
2. Equitable distribution of material resources of the community for the common good
3. Uniform civil code
4. Organise village panchayats
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Gandhian ideology represents the program of reconstruction enunciated by Gandhi during the national movement. Article 40 directs the state to organize village panchayats and endow them with necessary powers and authority to enable them to function as units of self-government.
Q26: Which of the following is fundamental to the governance of the country according to the Indian Constitution?
1. Fundamental Duties
2. Fundamental Rights
3. Directive Principles of State Policy
4. None of the above
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Article 37 of the Constitution of India says that the Directive Principles are not enforceable in any courts of law in India, but they are fundamental in the governance of the country.
Q27: Which of the following Articles directs the state to protect and improve the environment?
1. Article 44
2. Article 45
3. Article 48
4. Article 48A
Show Answer
Answer: 4
Explanation: Article 48A directs the state to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife. It is included in this category representing the ideology of liberalism.
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