The article “Supreme Court, Review, Activism, PIL GK MCQs” focuses on key concepts related to the Supreme Court of India, its power of judicial review, judicial activism, and the role of Public Interest Litigation (PIL). This comprehensive guide is designed to help readers test their knowledge and understand the significance of these legal terms through carefully curated multiple-choice questions.
Whether you’re preparing for exams or simply looking to enhance your understanding of India’s judiciary, this article provides valuable insights and practice questions.
1. From which Act is the single system of courts adopted in the Constitution of India?
- Government of India Act
- 1858 Government of India Act
- 1935 Government of India Act
- 1919 Indian Councils Act, 1909
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Answer: 1858 Government of India Act
The single system of courts in the Constitution of India was adopted from the Government of India Act of 1935. This system enforces both Central laws as well as state laws, creating an integrated judicial system. It places the Supreme Court at the apex of the hierarchy, with high courts below it. This integrated structure facilitates the interpretation and enforcement of laws at the national and state levels.
2. When was the Supreme Court of India inaugurated?
- 1935
- 1949
- 1950
- 1952
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Answer: 1950
The Supreme Court of India was inaugurated on January 28, 1950, marking the commencement of the Indian Constitution. It succeeded the Federal Court of India, which was established under the Government of India Act of 1935. The jurisdiction and authority of the Supreme Court are more extensive than those of its predecessor, given the unique role it plays in interpreting the Indian Constitution and addressing complex legal matters.
3. Which articles of the Constitution deal with the organisation, independence, jurisdiction, powers, procedures, and so on of the Supreme Court of India?
- Articles 111 to 123
- Articles 124 to 147
- Articles 167 to 185
- Articles 224 to 267
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Answer: Articles 124 to 147
Articles 124 to 147 in Part V of the Constitution of India provide detailed provisions related to the organization, independence, jurisdiction, powers, procedures, and other aspects of the Supreme Court. Parliament is empowered to regulate these provisions, making necessary amendments when needed.
4. What is the current strength of judges in the Supreme Court?
- 29
- 31
- 34
- 35
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Answer: 34
The Supreme Court consists of thirty-four judges. This includes one Chief Justice and thirty-three other judges. The strength of the Supreme Court has evolved over time. It originally had eight judges, including one Chief Justice. The Parliament has increased the number progressively to meet the growing caseload and legal complexity. The expansion reflects the evolving legal landscape in India.
5. What was the original strength of the Supreme Court of India?
- 8
- 12
- 15
- 20
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Answer: 8
The original strength of the Supreme Court of India was fixed at eight, including one Chief Justice and seven other judges. The Parliament increased this number progressively to ten in 1956, to thirteen in 1960, to seventeen in 1977, to twenty-five in 1986, to thirty in 2008, and to thirty-three in 2019.
6. Who appoints the judges of the Supreme Court?
- Chief Justice of India
- President
- Prime Minister
- Council of Ministers
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Answer: President
The President of India appoints judges to the Supreme Court. The appointment of the Chief Justice of India involves consultation with senior judges of the Supreme Court and high courts, making it a consultative process aimed at ensuring the selection of the most capable and deserving individuals.
7. In which year did the Supreme Court declare the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act unconstitutional and void?
- 2010
- 2013
- 2015
- 2018
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Answer: 2015
In 2015, the Supreme Court declared both the 99th Constitutional Amendment and the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act as unconstitutional and void. This decision upheld the independence of the judiciary and affirmed the role of the judiciary in judicial appointments.
8. Who administers the oath to a person appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court?
- Prime Minister
- President
- Chief Justice of India
- Vice President
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Answer: President
Before a person takes office as a judge of the Supreme Court, they are required to make and subscribe an oath or affirmation before the President or another person authorized by the President for this purpose. This formal oath underscores their commitment to upholding the Constitution and delivering justice fairly.
9. What are the qualifications needed to be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court?
- The person should have been a judge of a High Court for five years.
- The person should have been an advocate of a High Court.
- The person should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President.
- All of the above
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Answer: All of the above
To be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court, a person should have specific qualifications. They should be a citizen of India and have either served as a judge of a high court for five years or as an advocate in a high court for ten years or be recognized as a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President. These qualifications ensure that appointees have a deep understanding of the legal system.
10. Who decides the salaries, allowances, privileges, leave, and pension of the judges of the Supreme Court?
- President
- Prime Minister
- Parliament
- Council of Ministers
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Answer: Parliament
The salaries, allowances, privileges, leave, and pensions of judges of the Supreme Court are determined by the Parliament and can change over time. However, these cannot be altered to the disadvantage of the judges after their appointment unless during a financial emergency when extraordinary measures are taken.
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