1. Who coined the term “geography” for the first time?
- Plato
- Aristotle
- Ptolemy
- Eratosthenes
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Answer: Eratosthenes
Eratosthenes coined the word Geography. “Geo” means Earth; “Graphos” means Description; Geography means Earth description. Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the Earth and also the tilt axis of the Earth. He is known as the Father of Geography.
2. Systematic approach is one of the major approaches to study geography. The systematic approach was introduced by:
- Eratosthenes
- Ptolemy
- Alexander Von Humboldt
- Karl Ritter
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Answer: Alexander Von Humboldt
The systematic geography approach was introduced by German Geographer Alexander Von Humboldt, whereas the regional geography approach was introduced by another German geographer Karl Ritter. In the systematic approach, any phenomenon of geography is studied worldwide as a whole, and then the identification of typologies or spatial patterns is done.
3. Which of the following pertains to the “study of Landforms”?
- Geomorphology
- Oceanography
- Climatology
- Marine Geography
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Answer: Geomorphology
Geomorphology is the scientific study of landforms, their processes, form, and sediments at the surface of the Earth. It helps to reconstruct the history of the surface of the Earth through a study of its forms, the materials of which it is made up of, and the processes that shape it.
4. Which of the following refers to the study of the interface between physical geography and human geography?
- Political geography
- Geomorphology
- Biogeography
- Anthropology
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Answer: Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the interface between physical geography and human geography. It includes Plant Geography, Animal Geography, Ecology, and Environmental Geography.
5. Who among the following published “Geographike hyphegesis” or “Guide to Geography” in the 2nd Century A.D?
- Ptolemy
- Strabo
- Herodotus
- Aristotle
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Answer: Ptolemy
Ptolemy made a number of contributions to geography. His book “Geographike hyphegesis” or “Guide to Geography” compiled and summarised much of the Greek and Roman geographic information accumulated at that time. “Geographia” was written by Strabo.
6. Which branch of geography refers to the standard of living and its quality of life of its human inhabitants?
- Development geography
- Anthropology
- Physical geography
- Pedology
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Answer: Development geography
In development geography, geographers study spatial patterns in development and study the standard of living and quality of life of inhabitants. The study of humans in past and present societies is known as Anthropology.
7. Which of the following is studied under Physical geography?
- Economic activities
- Human Migration
- Soils
- Settlements
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Answer: Soils
Physical geography deals with the nature of physical phenomena such as climatology, soil, and vegetation. It includes the study of landforms, rocks, minerals, soils, climate, rivers, atmosphere, etc. On the other hand, human geography deals with the study of human societies and their relationship with the Earth’s surface, including topics like population, settlements, migration, transportation, and social traditions.
8. Which of the following disciplines attempts spatial synthesis?
- History
- Geography
- Polity
- None of the above
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Answer: Geography
Geography as a discipline attempts spatial synthesis. Spatial synthesis includes any of the formal techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties. Temporal Synthesis, on the other hand, can be described as ‘automated construction of a system whereby we develop a temporary specification and then try to prove it. For example, history attempts temporal synthesis.
9. Study of interaction between living organisms and the environment is known as?
- Pedology
- Ecology
- Biology
- Zoology
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Answer: Ecology
Ecology is defined as the scientific study of the relationship of living organisms with each other and with their environment. It has been derived from two Greek words, ‘oikos’, meaning home or estate, and ‘logos’, meaning study. Ecology not only deals with the study of the relationship of individual organisms with their environment but also with the study of populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere as a whole.
10. In which of the following human geography approaches believes that physical geographies determine human behaviour and the existence of different forms of societies?
- Possibilism
- Environmental determinism
- Neo-determinism
- Stop and go determinism
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Answer: Environmental determinism
Environmental determinism is the belief that the environment and its physical factors like landforms, climate, mountains, etc., determine the patterns of human culture and societal development. Possibilism, on the other hand, is based upon the assumption that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions. Nondeterminism or stop and go determinism chooses a middle path and was introduced by Griffith Taylor.
Q11: Pedology is the study of:
1. Oceans
2. Soils
3. Mountains
4. Landforms
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Answer: 2
Explanation: Pedology is the scientific study of soils, including their formation, characteristics, and distribution.
Q12: Which of the following is not an example of the systematic approach of geography?
1. Physical geography
2. Human geography
3. Environmental geography
4. Regional geography
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Answer: 4
Explanation: The systematic approach of geography is divided into four main branches: (i) Physical geography, (ii) Biogeography (including environmental geography), (iii) Human geography, and (iv) Geographical methods and techniques. Regional geography is not part of the systematic approach.
Q13: Regional geography approach was introduced by:
1. Karl Ritter
2. Alexander Von Humboldt
3. Herodotus
4. Strabo
Show Answer
Answer: 1
Explanation: The regional geography approach was introduced by German geographer Karl Ritter.
Q14: Who among the following proposed the Heliocentric model of the solar system?
1. Copernicus
2. Ptolemy
3. Aristotle
4. Strabo
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Answer: 1
Explanation: Copernicus proposed the Heliocentric model, which states that the sun stands at the centre of the universe, and the Moon, the Earth, and the remaining planets revolve around the sun.
Q15: Geocentric model of the solar system was proposed by:
1. Copernicus
2. Ptolemy
3. Aristotle
4. Strabo
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Answer: 2
Explanation: The geocentric theory of the solar system was proposed by Ptolemy 2000 years ago. This theory states that all celestial objects, including stars, the sun, and the planets, revolve around the Earth.
Q16: Who among the following proposed the Laws of planetary motion?
1. Newton
2. Kepler
3. Ptolemy
4. Copernicus
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Answer: 2
Explanation: Kepler proposed the Laws of planetary motion. These three laws describe the behaviour of planets in the heliocentric model.
Q17: Who is the author of the book Principia?
1. Newton
2. Galileo
3. Copernicus
4. Ptolemy
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Answer: 1
Explanation: Principia was published by Isaac Newton. Newton also formulated the Laws of Motion and the Law of Gravity.
Q18: Who among the following formulated the Nebular theory?
1. Laplace
2. Newton
3. Kepler
4. Ptolemy
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Answer: 1
Explanation: The Nebular theory was formulated by Laplace, describing the formation of the Sun and solar system.
Q19: Theory of special relativity was developed by:
1. Einstein
2. Newton
3. Galileo
4. Laplace
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Answer: 1
Explanation: Einstein proposed the theory of special relativity in 1905, which includes the famous equation E=mc².
Q20: Who among the following proposed the steady-state theory with respect to the universe?
1. Einstein
2. Laplace
3. Newton
4. Hoyle
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Answer: 4
Explanation: Hoyle’s concept of the steady-state theory is opposite to the Big Bang theory. It considers the universe to be roughly the same at any point in time.
Q21: Petrology is the study of __?
1. Soils
2. Rocks
3. Oceans
4. Mountains
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Answer: 2
Explanation: Petrology is the scientific study of rocks, including their composition, origin, and classification.
Q22: Who was the first to observe Saturn with a telescope?
1. Galileo Galilei
2. Issac Newton
3. Jacques Cassini
4. David H. Levy
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Answer: 1
Explanation: Galileo Galilei was the first to observe Saturn with a telescope in 1610.
Q23: Edaphology is concerned with the ____
1. influence of human development on soil
2. influence of soils on human development
3. influence of soils on living things
4. None of the above
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Answer: 3
Explanation: Edaphology is concerned with the influence of soils on living things, particularly plants.
Q24: Petrology is a branch of science which is related to the study of which of the following?
1. Oil & Gas
2. Rocks & Minerals
3. Fossils
4. Soils
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Answer: 2
Explanation: Petrology is the branch of geology that studies rocks and the conditions under which they are formed. It is further divided into igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary petrology.
Q25: Paleoclimatology is the study of:
1. Ancient Climates
2. Modern Climates
3. Climates of other planets
4. Climates of oceans
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Answer: 1
Explanation: Paleoclimatology is the study of ancient climates, prior to the widespread availability of instrumental records.
Q26: Which among the following branches of science deals with the study of Mountains?
1. Lithology
2. Orology
3. Palaeontology
4. Seismology
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Answer: 2
Explanation: Orology refers to the study of mountains.
Q27: Who among the following is known as the first to measure the distance round the earth and also known as the Father of Geometry?
1. Eratosthenes
2. Euclid
3. Hipparchus
4. Galileo
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Answer: 2
Explanation: Euclid is the first to measure the distance round the earth and is known as the Father of Geometry. He was a Greek mathematician and the founder of geometry.
Q28: Dendrochronology is the scientific method of dating based on the analysis of patterns of tree-rings. In a tree from which of the following zones, the analysing of the circles would be most easy?
1. Tropical Rain Forests
2. Temperate Zones
3. Polar Tundra
4. Taiga
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Answer: 2
Explanation: In temperate zones, because of the maximum seasonal variations, the rings are more clear, making analysis easier.
Q29: Which branch of Geography deals with the study of landforms, their classification, formation, etc?
1. Hydrogeology
2. Sedimentology
3. Geomorphology
4. Orology
Show Answer
Answer: 3
Explanation: Geomorphology is a branch of geography that deals with the formation, evolution, and classification of different landforms on the surface of the Earth.
Q30: Which subsection of geography deals with the frozen parts of the Earth system?
1. Troposphere geography
2. Melinosphere geography
3. Cryosphere geography
4. Ionosphere geography
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Answer: 3
Explanation: Cryosphere refers to the part of the Earth’s system which has frozen material over it. Cryosphere geography deals with the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the cryosphere.
